- Indonesia's National Armed Forces (TNI), especially its
thuggish Kopassus Special Forces Command, has a long, sordid human rights
record, including political killings and massacres of hundreds of thousands
of civilians in East Timor, Aceh, Papua, and elsewhere in the country.
-
- In response to the November 12, 1991 Santa Cruz cemetery
massacre of over 270 demonstrators in Dili, East Timor's capital, Congress
restricted Indonesia's TNI from receiving International Military Education
and Training (IMET). It brings foreign military officers to America for
what's taught at the infamous School of the Americas (SOA, renamed WHINSEC
) - namely, the latest ways to kill, maim, torture, oppress, exterminate
poor and indigenous people, overthrown democratically elected governments,
suppress popular resistance movements, assassinate targeted leaders, and
work cooperatively with Washington to solidify hard-right rule, intolerant
of democratic rights, social justice, and progressive change.
-
- The 1976 Arms Export Control Act requires US military
hardware sales use only for defense or to maintain internal security.
-
- In addition, the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act prohibits
aiding governments that engage:
-
- "in a consistent pattern of gross violations of
internationally recognized human rights, including torture or cruel, inhuman,
or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges,
causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention
of those persons, or other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty,
and the security of person, unless such assistance will directly benefit
the needy people in such country."
-
- The Leahy Law in the 2001 Foreign Operations Appropriations
Act (Sec. 8092 of PL 106-259) states:
-
- "None of the funds made available by this Act may
be used to support any training program involving a unit of the security
forces of a foreign country if the Secretary of Defense has received credible
information from the Department of State that a member of such unit has
committed a gross violation of human rights, unless all necessary corrective
steps have been taken."
-
- The 2001 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act prohibits
funding foreign security forces that commit gross human rights violations
unless its government "is taking effective measures to bring the responsible
members of the security forces unit to justice."
-
- In its final 2005 report, East Timor's Commission for
Reception, Truth and Reconciliation called on nations to make Indonesian
military aid:
-
- "totally conditional on progress towards full democratization,
the subordination of the military to the rule of law and civilian government,
and strict adherence with international human rights, including respect
for the right of self-determination."
-
- In September 1999, Pentagon - Indonesian military ties
were severed over TNI and its militia proxies' response to East Timorese
independence, committing massacres and atrocities, UNAMET (the UN East
Timor Mission) stating:
-
- "The evidence for a direct link between the militia
and the military is beyond dispute and has been overwhelmingly documented
by UNAMET over the last four months. But the scale and thoroughness of
the destruction of East Timor in the past week has demonstrated a new level
of open participation of the military in the implementation of what was
previously a more veiled operation."
-
- UNAMET warned that "the worst may be yet to come....It
cannot be ruled out that these are the first stages of a genocidal campaign
to stamp out the East Timorese problem by force," skills the TNI and
its Kopassas killers honed since Indonesia's 1945 independence.
-
- In 2005 (despite TNI's unbroken record of human rights
atrocities), the US State Department removed congressional restrictions
on aiding Indonesia militarily, stating:
-
- "it is in the national security interests of the
United States to waive conditionality pertaining to Foreign Military Financing
(FMF) and defense exports to Indonesia."
-
- In 2006, the Bush administration removed remaining TNI
restrictions for training, supplying weapons and other forms of cooperation.
In late 2007, it told Congress it planned to train members of Kopassas
and Brimob (mobile brigade), Indonesia's militarized police special operations
unit, also notorious for committing well-documented human rights atrocities
throughout the country.
-
- On March 18, 2010, in an open letter to President Obama,
the East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (ETAN) welcomed his upcoming
visit, rescheduled for June, urging him "to avoid the destructive
policies of the past" - specifically, "not offer(ing) military
assistance (to the) notorious Kopassus special forces," restricting
it to other forms of security cooperation.
-
- ETAN believes "training Kopassas would violate US
law which forbids training military units with unresolved human rights
violations." It's meant to prevent future ones and encourage resolving
others in the past. "This has clearly not happened."
-
- Calling Kopassus training "a bad idea whose time
has not come," ETAN's National Coordinator, John M. Miller said:
-
- "Training Kopassas will set back efforts to achieve
accountability for past and recent human rights violations and will do
little or nothing to discourage future crimes....It's impossible to credit
Kopassas with human rights reform when it retains active duty soldiers
convicted of human rights violations....For decades, the US military provided
training and other assistance to Kopassas, despite the demonstrated failure
of international assistance to improve its behavior. Its widely acknowledged
abuses and criminal activity simply continued" to this day.
-
- Kopassas and Brimob have a long history of terrorizing
civilians, committing atrocities, and undermining efforts for justice and
human rights accountability. ETAN asked Obama to respect US law and the
recommendation of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation
in Timor-Leste (CAVR), urging nations to make military sales conditional
on recipients' adherence to international human rights laws. TNI, (including
Kopassas) and Brimob systematically violate them.
-
- Since its 1952 founding, Kopassas has an unbroken reign
of terror record that includes politically motivated arrests, assassinations/murders,
massacres, brutal beatings, kidnappings/disappearances, bombings, and other
crimes against humanity, still ongoing throughout the country.
-
- On March 21, investigative journalist Allan Nairn reported
that:
-
- "According to senior Indonesian officials and police
and details from government files, the US-backed Indonesian armed forces
(TNI), now due for fresh American aid, assassinated a series of civilian
activists during 2009."
-
- They were part of a secret government program, "coordinated
in part by an active-duty, US-trained Kopassus special forces General who
has just acknowledged on the record that his TNI men had a role in the
killings."
-
- The news comes ahead of Obama's expected announcement
of new military aid, falsely claiming TNI and Kopassas "no longer
murder civilians." They always did and now do, according to a senior
Indonesian official (unnamed for his safety), speaking out because he opposes
the practice.
-
- "TNI still practices political murder." Yet
America rewards it, despite being legally bound not to and to provide Congress
with relevant information.
-
- Verified incidents include:
-
- -- "a series of assassinations and bombings in Aceh
(where) elections were being contested by the historically pro-independence
Partia Aceh (PA)," the renamed former GAM (Free Aceh) rebel movement.
-
- In the run-up to the April elections, "At least
eight PA activists were assassinated....according to officials with (specific)
knowledge of the program" to suppress democratic speech in Aceh and
throughout the country.
-
- General Sunarko, the PANGDAM Aceh (TNI forces chief)
coordinated the killings. He was recently "sent to Aceh by the President,
Gen. Susilo, after having been the nationwide commander of Kopassas. (Previously,
he was) chief of staff of Kostrad, the (TNI's) huge Strategic Reserve Command
that operates across the archipelago and is headquartered in Jarkata...."
-
- Earlier he oversaw occupied Timor militias, and "was
a Kopassas intelligence chief there during the 1999 TNI terror...."
-
- Indonesian National Police (POLRI) confirmed the above
account, but "with evident reluctance, even fear." (POLRI) also
kills and tortures civilians, and mounts joint task forces with TNI, (but
TNI) has more guns and cash, and (they're unencumbered by) POLRI's political
burden of having to claim that they're enforcing the murder laws."
-
- General Sunarko told Nairn "that he was an enthusiastic
supporter of President Obama's plan to boost aid to Kopassas and to TNI
generally. (He said America and TNI have had) a long, close partnership
that had 'raised the capacity of TNI,' and that Obama's (full) restoration
of aid would make for 'a still more intimate collaboration." Since
the 1980s, he, in fact, was US-trained at various Indonesian sites along
with many other TNI officers.
-
- In June, when Obama visits Indonesian leaders, "on
the table is a big aid package for TNI, negotiated over recent months,
the political centerpiece of which is an apparent renewal of open aid for
Kopassas."
-
- Among all Indonesian units implicated in past atrocities:
-
- "those of Kopassas are the most celebrated, and,
as their former commander, the US-trained Gen. Prabowo, once told me, they
have historically been the unit most closely identified with Washington....Obama's
planned (restoration of aid) to Kopassas is now awaited by TNI as sweet
vindication, and by many of (its) survivors" as the green light for
terror.
-
- Other TNI components are also implicated, including "BAIS
intelligence and the mainline regional and local commands, KODAM, KOREM,
and KODIM, all of them, most importantly, reporting ultimately to"
top TNI commanders and theirs in the government.
-
- Importantly, whether or not Kopassas aid is restored,
"TNI as a whole already has the green light," 2,800 of its forces
"being trained in the US (according to) Indonesia's Defense Minister."
The Pentagon wants other weapons and equipment sales and US loans to "further
empower TNI overall."
-
- Also, in advance of Obama's trip, "the Kopassas
commanding general came to Washington and was welcomed by the Obama team."
Back home, they're confident of being green-lighted to continue their old
ways, ones never ended to receive full Obama administration backing.
-
- A Final Note
-
- On March 24, Nairn reported that the TNI threatened to
arrest him for revealing its hit squad assassinations, "presumably
on criminal defamation charges."
-
- On March 25, he added the following:
-
- "The Indonesian news channel TV One is running text
scrolls on their screen (saying the TNI) is either planning to or has already
filed criminal charges against me. The crime, the scrolls say, consists
of 'defiling the good name of TNI.' In today's Indonesia it can be a crime
to report assassinations, but, given that no Generals have gone to prison
for such murders, it is not treated as a crime to commit them."
-
- Not is it in Washington to support or commit crimes of
war, against humanity, or political killings. CIA and Pentagon hit squads
do it daily.
-
- Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago and can be reached at
<mailto:lendmanstephen@sbcglobal.net>lendmanstephen@sbcglobal.net.
Also visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com and listen to cutting-edge
discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour
on the Progressive Radio Network Thursdays at 10AM US Central time and
Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.
-
- http://prognewshour.progressiveradionetwork.org/
-
- http://lendmennews.progressiveradionetwork.org/
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