- Asteroid 433 Eros is slightly smaller
than predicted, with at least two medium-sized craters, a long surface
ridge, and a density comparable to the Earth's crust, according to measurements
from NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft.
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- NEAR's science instruments observed about
two-thirds of Eros on Dec. 23, 1998, as the spacecraft flew by the asteroid
following an unsuccessful firing of its main engine a few days earlier.
A subsequent successful firing of the engine put NEAR on course to rendezvous
with Eros to begin its planned yearlong orbital mission starting in mid-February
2000.
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- Scientists and engineers at The Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, MD, which
manages the mission, and science team members from affiliated institutions
quickly planned the valuable flyby observations in the wake of the unsuccessful
engine burn on Dec. 20.
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- During the flyby, 222 photos and supporting
spectral observations were taken from as close as 2,375 miles (3,830 kilometers)
from the asteroid by the spacecraft's multispectral imager, infrared spectrometer,
and radio science experiment. "The flyby of Eros has given us fundamental
information that will help us plan a better orbital mission at Eros,"
said Dr. Andrew F. Cheng, NEAR project scientist at APL. "It has taken
some of the risk out of our orbit insertion maneuver and early operations."
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- First observed from the Earth more than
100 years ago, Eros was known to be an S-type asteroid with high concentrations
of silicate minerals and metal. However, few details about its structure
or composition are observable from the ground. The NEAR flyby produced
evidence of variations in surface color and reflected light (or albedo)
that suggest the asteroid has a diverse surface makeup. Closer observations
during the comprehensive yearlong orbital study of Eros will be needed
to determine its precise composition.
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- The science team has determined that
Eros is slightly smaller than originally estimated from ground-based radar
observations, with a size of 21 by 8 by 8 miles (33 by 13 by 13 kilometers),
versus an estimate of 25.3 by 9 by 8 miles (40.5 by 14.5 by 14 km). The
asteroid rotates once every 5.27 hours and has no discernible moons.
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- The asteroid's density is approximately
1.55 ounces per cubic inch (2.7 grams per cubic centimeter), close to the
average density of Earth's crust. This makes Eros about twice as dense
as asteroid 253 Mathilde, a C-type, carbon-rich asteroid that NEAR flew
past in June 1997, and about the same density as S-type asteroid 243 Ida,
which NASA's Galileo spacecraft flew past in 1993. Eros and Ida are the
only S-type asteroids for which a mass and density have been determined.
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- Flyby imaging of the asteroid's surface
revealed a prominent elongated ridge that extends along its length for
as much as 12 miles (20 km). "This ridge-like feature, combined with
the measurements of high density, suggests that Eros is a homogeneous body
rather than a collection of rubble" such as Mathilde appears to be,
said Dr. Joseph Veverka, of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, who heads the
mission's imaging team. "It might even be a remnant of a larger body
that was shattered by an impact."
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- The surface of Eros is pocked with craters.
The two largest craters are four miles and 5.3 miles (8.5 and 6.5 km) in
diameter, less than half the size of asteroid Mathilde's largest craters.
The existence of fewer, smaller craters could be an indication that Eros
has a relatively young surface when compared to Ida.
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- NEAR and Eros will cross paths again
in February 2000. The spacecraft will then be inserted into orbit around
the asteroid and begin its yearlong study. Images taken during orbit are
expected to have more than 200 times better resolution than those obtained
during the flyby and will be taken from as close as nine miles (15 km)
from the asteroid's surface.
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- Flyby images of Eros and a related movie,
a shape model of the asteroid, and a chart of spectral observations are
available on the NEAR mission Web site at:
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- http://near.jhuapl.edu
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- The Applied Physics Laboratory is a not-for-profit
laboratory and independent division of The Johns Hopkins University. APL
conducts research and development primarily for national security and for
nondefense projects of national and global significance. APL is located
midway between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. in Laurel, Md.
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