- A ProMED-mail post
- <http://www.promedmail.org>
- ProMED-mail is a program of the
- International Society for Infectious Diseases
- <http://www.isid.org>
-
- [Reports of infection of new hosts, extensions of geographical
range, and
- information of special significance are posted separately
immediately on
- receipt. There is some overlap in the following reports,
but they are
- collected together because of differences in emphasis
and user
- friendliness. - Mod.CP]
-
- In these updates:
- [1] Human case (Colorado, ex Kansas?)
- [2] Humans, equines, dog (Nebraska)
- [3] Equine (Canadian horse in quarantine in Australia)
- [4] Human, probable (Vermont)
- [5] Human, first, confirmed (Rhode Island)
- [6] WHO report (as of 30 Sep 2002)
- [7] ERAP report (latest news as of Fri 27 Sep 2002)
- [8] USDA-APHIS report (as of Sun 29 Sep 2002)
- [9] MMWR-ArboNET report (USA, 26 Sep to 2 Oct; transplantation/transfusion
- recipients)
-
- ******
- [1]
- Date: Mon 30 Sep 2002
- From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
- Source: Kansas Department of Health and Environment,
West Nile virus Update
- and Summary, Sat 27 Sep 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/news/web_archives/2002/09272002a.htm>
-
-
- Kansas: Colorado border case employed in Kansas
- -----------------------------------------------
- No human cases of West Nile virus have been confirmed
in Kansas, but a
- Colorado man who works in Kansas has tested positive
for West Nile virus
- (WNV) encephalitis, according to the Colorado Department
of Public Health
- and Environment and the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. The
- victim is from Prowers County, Colorado, which borders
Hamilton County,
- Kansas. The man spends much of his time in Hamilton County
for work and
- recreation, and may have been infected in Kansas.
-
- He has been released from a Colorado hospital and is
recovering, according
- to Colorado health officials. While it is not known whether
the man was
- infected in Colorado or Kansas, it is important to remember
that infected
- mosquitos and birds travel from state to state and county
to county. So
- far, Hamilton County, Kansas is not one of the state's
87 counties where
- WNV has been confirmed in mosquitoes, birds, or horses.
-
- "Whether or not this victim was infected in Kansas,
residents should not
- panic, but instead focus their attention on avoiding
mosquitos and reducing
- breeding grounds for mosquitos around their homes and
communities," said Dr
- Gail Hansen, assistant deputy state epidemiologist for
the Kansas
- Department of Health and Environment. WNV is transmitted
when a mosquito
- bites an infected bird and then bites another animal
or a human. Infected
- birds carry the disease for a short time, but only mosquitoes
transmit it
- to animals or humans. "We are getting very close
to the time of year when
- mosquitos aren't a problem in Kansas, and without mosquitos
the virus does
- not spread." Dr Hansen noted.
-
- --
- Marianne Hopp
- <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
-
- ******
- [2]
- Date: Tue 1 Oct 2002
- From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
- Source: Lincoln Journal Star, Tue 1 Oct 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.journalstar.com/latest_reg.php?story_id=27899>
-
-
- Nebraska: veterinarian confirms Scotts Bluff dog had
WNV
- --------------------------------------------------------
- The number of animal cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection
in Nebraska
- continues to rise, and now includes a 5 year old golden
retriever, a local
- veterinarian said. The dog recovered from WNV infection
within 2 days of
- being treated with fluids and antibiotics [role of antibiotic
in a viral
- infection not clear. - Mod.SH], said Gering veterinarian
Jerry Upp. Its
- owners, from Scotts Bluff, brought the dog in with a
high temperature and
- sore muscles. It also had experienced some behavioral
changes, he said. It
- is among the first confirmed cases of WNV in dogs. At
least 2 dogs in
- Illinois have had the disease. The virus was detected
when blood samples
- were sent to labs to rule out another illness, Upp said.
Another lab test
- confirmed the presence of WNV.
-
- This rare diagnosis is not something that should worry
dog owners. Upp said
- he would be surprised if they saw another case. "People
should just be
- aware of it and avoid taking their dogs out in the evenings
when more
- mosquitoes are present," he said.
-
- The Nebraska Department of Agriculture also said Monday
the number of
- horses with the disease has climbed to 1008. All have
been reported since 6
- Aug 2002. Scotts Bluff County has the most equine cases,
with 88, more than
- double the 41 reported cases in second-place Douglas
County. Holt County
- had 40 cases.
-
- One of the state's 4 suspected human deaths of the virus
[infection] was of
- a Scotts Bluff County resident. The other suspected deaths
were in Saline,
- Lancaster, and Buffalo counties. In total, 63 people
have been found to be
- presumptively positive for WNV in Nebraska as of Thu
27 Sep 2002, the
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services said,
and 2 cases have
- been confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
-
- ******
- [3]
- Date: Tue 1 Oct 2002
- From: Narelle Clegg <Narelle.Clegg@aqis.gov.au>
-
-
- West Nile encephalitis in a Canadian horse quarantined
in Australia
- ------------------------------------------
- The following is a report of a horse which exhibited
signs of encephalitis
- 5 days after it arrived in Australia. The horse was stabled
at the Eastern
- Creek quarantine station in Sydney completing the 14
day post-arrival
- quarantine period (PAQ) that all horses imported from
countries other than
- New Zealand undergo. Once a provisional diagnosis of
West Nile virus (WNV)
- infection was made, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection
Service (AQIS)
- released the horse from quarantine, along with the other
horses that PAQed
- with it. AQIS received confirmation of WNV from the Arbovirus
and emerging
- Viral Diseases Unit at Westmead Hospital in Sydney on
6 Sep 2002. The lab
- also tested the sample using the NY99 strain and obtained
positive results
- on 27 Sep 2002. Samples were forwarded onto Canada for
confirmatory
- testing, with positive results for NY99 strain using
PRNT method on 1 Oct
- 2002. This case was briefly mentioned as part of a previous
ProMED-mail
- post concerning an outbreak of equine rhinopneumonitis
virus type 1 [see:
- Equine herpesvirus - Australia 20020907.5249] where some
of the details
- were incorrect.
-
- --
- Narelle Clegg
- Manager Live Animal Imports
- Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
- <narelle.clegg@aqis.gov.au>
-
- ******
- [4]
- Date: Wed 2 Oct 2002
- From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
- Source: Vermont Department of Health, news release, Sat
28 Sep 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.healthyvermonters.info/admin/releases/100202westnile.shtml>
-
-
- Vermont: second probable human case
- -----------------------------------
- Health officials today announced a second probable human
case of West Nile
- virus (WNV) infection in Vermont. The new probable case,
an elderly Windham
- County woman, was reported to the Health Department on
20 Sep 2002. The
- first probable case, a Franklin County man, was reported
earlier in the
- same month. Health officials are still waiting for confirmation
from the
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that
the laboratory tests
- on these 2 individuals are in fact positive for West
Nile virus. The man
- from Franklin County has recovered. The woman from Windham
County recently
- died; cause of death has not yet been determined.
-
- "This does not change our advice to the public,"
said Dr Patsy Tassler of
- the Vermont Department of Health. "People should
continue to take
- precautions to avoid mosquito bites." WNV is typically
spread to humans by
- the bite of an infected mosquito. To date, a small number
of infected
- mosquitoes have been identified in both Franklin and
Grand Isle counties.
- Tassler emphasized that the risk of any individual becoming
ill from the
- bite of a mosquito infected with WNV is very low. "Most
people who contract
- WNV have no symptoms and don't even get sick," said
Tassler. "Only about 1
- per cent of people who are infected develop illness that
requires medical
- attention." People over age 50 are the most at risk
of becoming severely
- ill from WNV. However, all Vermonters should take precautions
to avoid
- mosquito bites, Tassler said.
-
- Routine surveillance trapping of mosquitoes has documented
reduced numbers
- of mosquitoes in recent weeks. According to Tassler,
mosquito activity will
- stop for the winter in Vermont after a couple of hard
frosts. The Health
- Department continues to ask residents who see a dead
bird to report it by
- calling their local Health Department office. Since August
49 birds have
- tested positive for WNV (Chittenden, Franklin, Washington,
Addison,
- Lamoille, and Orange counties); 3 horses have tested
positive (Franklin,
- Addison, and Orleans counties); and mosquitoes have tested
positive in
- Franklin and Grand Isle county.
-
- --
- Marianne Hopp
- <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
-
- ******
- [5]
- Date: Thu 3 Oct 2002
- From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
- Source: Rhode Island Department of Health, news release,
Wed 2 Oct 2002
- [edited]
- <http://www.health.state.ri.us/media/021002a.htm>
-
-
- Rhode Island: first confirmed human case of WNV Infection
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- Today [Wed], the Rhode Island Department of Health (HEALTH)
confirmed the
- state's first human case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection
-- a 66 year
- old woman with viral encephalitis, from Providence County.
The HEALTH
- Laboratory confirmed the presence of WNV in the patient's
cerebrospinal
- fluid (CSF) on Wed 2 Oct 2002. The patient survived the
disease and was
- discharged to home, completely recovered, after 5 days
in hospital.
- Confirmation of the disease as WNV does not materially
affect the type of
- treatment a patient receives.
-
- HEALTH officials estimated that exposure to a WNV infected
mosquito
- probably occurred during Labor Day weekend. Officials
could not confirm
- where the critical exposure took place. A review of medical
records
- indicated a history of multiple mosquito bites especially
during outdoor
- excursions in Massachusetts and Connecticut around Labor
Day.
-
- This case represents the first confirmed human case in
the state. As of Wed
- 2 Oct 2002, US public health officials reported 2430
human cases and 125
- deaths nationwide. In response to this case, HEALTH will
continue its
- stepped up monitoring for other cases with local hospitals
and infectious
- disease experts. HEALTH plans to contact health care
providers, hospital
- emergency units, and urgent care centers to advise them
about the diagnosis
- of possible cases. Officials do not plan to recommend
other environmental
- measures or restrictions this late in the season, but
will keep the public
- informed if any new events develop. Human WNV happens
only after a bite
- from an infected mosquito. It is not possible to get
WNV directly from
- birds or from person-to-person contact. Although mosquito
activity is low,
- it still exists during this warm fall weather. Bites
are less common, and
- no new mosquitoes are being produced, but there will
be some mosquito
- activity, particularly during periods of warmer daytime
temperatures. This
- will continue until the weather returns to its seasonal
low temperatures
- and hard frosts.
-
- --
- Marianne Hopp
- <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
-
- ******
- [6]
- Date: Tue 1 Oct 2002
- From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
- Source:World Health Organisation (WHO) Disease Outbreaks
Report, Tue 1 Oct
- 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.who.int/disease-outbreak-news/n2002/october/1october2002.html>
-
-
- West Nile Virus in the United States - WHO update 5
- ---------------------------------------------------
- As of Mon 30 Sep 2002, the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Arthropod-Borne
- Viruses, Western Hemisphere, at the Centers for Disease
Control and
- Prevention (CDC) has reported 2405 human cases of West
Nile virus
- infection, with 117 deaths occurring in 32 states and
the District of
- Columbia. During 2002, West Nile virus activity (evidence
of infections in
- birds, humans, mosquitoes, and other animals -- primarily
horses) has been
- documented in 42 states and the District of Columbia
(see previous report
- <http://www.who.int/disease-outbreak-news/n2002/september/24september2002.html>.
-
- --
- Marianne Hopp
- <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
-
- ******
- [7]
- Date Wed 25 Sep 2002
- From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
- Source: Environmental Risk Analysis Program, Cornell
University Center for
- the Environment, Mon 23 Sep 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/erap/WNV/>
-
-
- West Nile virus news - as of Fri 27 Sep 2002
- --------------------------------------------
- West Nile Virus was discussed at a 24 Sep 2002 Senate
Committee hearing.
- Top health officials from several agencies (CDC, National
Institutes of
- Health, Food and Drugs Administration) reported to legislators
about status
- of a WNV vaccine and extent of risks to the nation's
blood supply. A
- nucleic acid blood test may be ready by next summer and
a vaccine based on
- the yellow fever vaccine may be ready in 3 years.
-
- WNV has been detected in 42 states in the US in 2002
and 5 provinces in
- Canada. It is on both sides of the divide in Colorado
and has been
- confirmed in California, on the Pacific Coast, and in
Nova Scotia, Canada,
- in the Atlantic. In many states it has been detected
in all, or nearly all,
- counties. CDC's 24 Sep 2002 MMWR report [see: West Nile
virus update 2002-
- (USA) (23)] states that 480 new lab-positive human cases
of WNV-associated
- illness occurred during the week 19 to 25 Sep 2002, including
the first
- case in North Carolina, for a total of 2121 confirmed
or probable cases as
- of 25 Sep 2002 (95 fatalities). This number is far higher
than the
- prediction reported in newspapers across the country
last month that there
- would be 1000 human cases this year, based solely on
extrapolating from
- data in previous years.
-
- Largest numbers of cases are in Illinois (518), Michigan
(270), Louisiana
- (261), Ohio (232), Mississippi (157), Missouri (114),
Indiana (104), and
- Texas (91). The 2002 reported caseload continues to increase,
although it
- is difficult to tell if this is primarily due to the
lag time between
- disease onset and confirmation, or to new infections.
-
- [The remainder of the ERAP report is superceded by the
following USDA-APHIS
- and ArboNET-MMWR report. - Mod.CP]
-
- ******
- [8]
- Date: Thu 3 Oct 2002
- From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
- Source: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal
and Plant
- Inspection Service, Update on the Current Status of West
Nile Virus, as of
- Sun 29 Sep 2002 [edited]
- <http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/wnv/wnvstats.html>
-
-
- Equine cases of West Nile virus illness: 1 Jan to 29
Sep 2002
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- The total number of equine cases of illness caused by
West Nile virus (WNV)
- confirmed at the USDA's National Veterinary Services
Laboratories (NVSL) or
- reported by state officials so far this year is 7462.
That is an increase
- of 1239 cases from 7 days ago.
-
- The cases are from 36 states: Alabama (39), Arkansas
(64), Colorado (296),
- Delaware (1), Florida (180), Georgia (26), Illinois (415),
Indiana (358),
- Iowa (576), Kansas (299), Kentucky (328), Louisiana (324),
Maryland (3),
- Massachusetts (1), Michigan (145), Minnesota (642), Mississippi
(214),
- Missouri (252), Montana (99), Nebraska (988), New Jersey
(13), New Mexico
- (24), New York (13), North Dakota (553), Ohio (246),
Oklahoma (73),
- Pennsylvania (28), South Carolina (2), South Dakota (613),
Tennessee (79),
- Texas (443), Vermont (3), Virginia (17), West Virginia
(3), Wisconsin (45),
- and Wyoming (57).
-
- ******
- [9]
- Date: Thu 3 Oct 2002
- From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
- Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51(39): 884,895
(4 Oct) [edited]
- <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a5.htm>
-
-
- This report summarizes [1] West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance
data reported
- to CDC through ArboNET and by states and other jurisdictions
as of Wed 2
- Oct 2002, and [2] updates preliminary demographic and
clinical information
- on cases of WNV infections in recipients of blood transfusion
and organ
- transplantation reported to CDC during the period 28
Aug to 2 Oct 2002.
-
- [1] West Nile Virus Activity; United States, Thu 26 Sep
to Wed 2 Oct 2002
- -------------------------------------------------
- During the reporting period of Thu 26 Sep to Wed 2 Oct
2002, a total of 409
- laboratory-positive human cases of West Nile virus (WNV)-associated
illness
- were reported from Illinois (81), Michigan (73), Ohio
(56), Indiana (53),
- Nebraska (32), Louisiana (26), Missouri (17), Kentucky
(13), Pennsylvania
- (8), Iowa (7), Minnesota (7), Mississippi (6), Alabama
(5), New York (5),
- Tennessee (5), Wisconsin (5), Maryland (4), Colorado
(2), New Jersey (2),
- South Dakota (1), and Texas (1).
-
- During the same period, WNV infections were reported
in 684 dead crows and
- 441 other dead birds. A total of 1027 veterinary cases
were reported (1026
- equine and one other species). During the same period,
521 WNV-positive
- mosquito pools were reported.
-
- During 2002, a total of 2530 human cases with laboratory
evidence of recent
- WNV infection have been reported from Illinois (599),
Michigan (343), Ohio
- (288), Louisiana (287), Mississippi (163), Indiana (157),
Missouri (131),
- Texas (92), Nebraska (80), New York (51), Kentucky (40),
Tennessee (31),
- Alabama (30), Minnesota (26), Pennsylvania (26), Iowa
(25), South Dakota
- (24), Georgia (19), Wisconsin (19), Virginia (16), North
Dakota (15),
- Arkansas (11), Maryland (10), Massachusetts (10), Florida
(8), Connecticut
- (7), the District of Columbia (6), New Jersey (6), Oklahoma
(4), Colorado
- (3), California (1), North Carolina (1), and South Carolina
(1). Among the
- 2132 patients for whom data were available, the median
age was 56 years
- (range: 1 month to 99 years); 1150 (54 per cent) were
male, and the dates
- of illness onset ranged from 10 Jun to 23 Sep 2002. A
total of 116 human
- deaths have been reported (median age 79 years (range:
27 to 99 years); 70
- (60 per cent) deaths were among men.
-
- In addition during 2002, 5633 dead crows and 4216 other
dead birds with WNV
- infection were reported from 42 states, New York City,
and the District of
- Columbia; 4377 WNV infections in mammals (4369 equines,
3 canines, and 5
- other species) have been reported from 33 states (Alabama,
Arkansas,
- Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas,
- Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
Mississippi,
- Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico,
New York, North
- Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,
South Dakota,
- Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming). During
2002, WNV
- seroconversions have been reported in 310 sentinel chicken
flocks from
- Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and New York City;
3874 WNV positive
- mosquito pools have been reported from 26 states (Alabama,
Arkansas,
- Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kentucky,
- Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska,
New Hampshire,
- New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
- South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia),
New York City,
- and the District of Columbia.
-
- [2] Investigations of WNV infections in recipients of
blood transfusion and
- organ transplantation
- -----------------------------------------------
- CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Health
Resources and
- Services Administration, in collaboration with blood
collection agencies
- and state and local health departments, continue to investigate
WNV
- infections in recipients of blood transfusion and organ
transplantation.
- From 28 Aug to 2 Oct 2002, CDC received reports from
10 states of 15
- patients with confirmed West Nile virus meningoencephalitis
(WNME) or
- meningitis diagnosed after receiving blood components
within 1 month of
- illness onset.
-
- CDC has been notified of additional cases among transfusion
recipients, but
- demographic and clinical information is pending. All
15 of these patients
- resided in areas with high levels of WNV activity. Investigations
are
- ongoing to determine whether transfusion was the source
of WNV transmission.
-
- Of the 15 cases, 8 (53 percent) were reported since 25
Sep 2002. One
- patient, an organ donor from Georgia, was positive for
WNV at the time of
- organ recovery following receipt of multiple blood transfusions
(1). The
- onset of symptoms for the remaining 14 patients began
in July (2 patients),
- August (5 patients), and September (7 patients). The
reasons for hospital
- admission included a surgical procedure or obstetric
delivery (4 patients)
- and solid organ transplantation (3 patients who received
an organ from
- different donors who did not have evidence of WNV infection
at the time the
- organs were recovered). A total of 5 patients had hematologic
conditions, 3
- patients had myelodysplasia, and 2 patients had acute
myelogenous leukemia.
- These 15 patients received blood components from a median
of 18 donors
- (range: 2 to 185 donors). WNME was the probable cause
of death for at least
- 3 of the 4 patients who died.
-
- Some of these investigations provide evidence that WNV
can be transmitted
- through blood transfusion; 2 patients tested positive
for WNV infection
- after receiving different blood products derived from
a single blood
- donation subsequently found to have evidence of WNV (2).
In another case,
- WNV was isolated from a unit of frozen plasma that had
been withdrawn as a
- result of the investigation, indicating that the virus
can survive in some
- blood components (1). In addition to these patients,
investigations in
- Georgia and Florida have demonstrated transmission of
WNV in 4 recipients
- of solid organs from a single donor (1,3,4).
-
- Patients with WNV infection who have received blood transfusions
or organs
- within the 4 weeks preceding the onset of symptom should
be reported to CDC
- through local public health authorities. Serum or tissue
samples should be
- retained for later studies. In addition, the Public Health
Service is
- expanding an earlier recommendation (1) to request that
cases of WNV
- infection in patients who had onset of symptoms within
2 weeks of blood or
- organ donation be reported. Prompt reporting of these
cases will facilitate
- withdrawal of potentially infected blood components.
-
- References:
- (1) CDC. Update: investigations of West Nile virus infections
in recipients
- of organ transplantation and blood transfusion. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
- 2002; 51: 833--6.
- (2) CDC. Update: Investigation of West Nile virus infections
in recipients
- of organ transplantation and blood transfusion --Michigan
2002. MMWR Morb
- Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51: 879.
- (3) CDC. West Nile virus infection in organ donor and
transplant recipients
- -- Georgia and Florida, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
2002; 51: 790.
- (4) CDC. Investigation of blood transfusion recipients
with West Nile virus
- infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51: 823.
-
- --
- ProMED-mail
- <promed@promedmail.org>
-
- [see also:
- West Nile virus update 2002- (USA) (23)
20020926.5406
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (22)
20020919.5360
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (20)
20020907.5252
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (19): non-human
20020901.5213
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (18): human
20020901.5212
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (17)
20020823.5124
- West Nile virus - USA 2001: final report
20020613.4491
- West Nile virus update 2002 - USA (01)
20020506.4109
- West Nile virus, predicted spread in 2002 - USA
20020109.3206
- 2001
- ---
- West Nile virus surveillance 2001 - USA (34)
20011130.2914
- West Nile virus surveillance - USA 2000 final report
20010423.0792
- West Nile virus surveillance - USA
20010129.0207]
-
- ...................mpp/tg/cp/pg/sh
-
-
-
- Patricia A. Doyle, PhD
- Please visit my "Emerging Diseases" message
board at:
- http://www.clickitnews.com/emergingdiseases/index.shtml
- Zhan le Devlesa tai sastimasa
- Go with God and in Good Health
|
