- The Secret War Against The Jews How Western Espionage
Betrayed The Jewish People St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994 - ISBN 0-312-11057-X
-
- Chapter 13 The Final Solution Revisited
-
- The history books on nuclear proliferation have been
quite harsh regarding Israel's decision to join the atomic club. The popular
view . . is that Israel's nuclear program set off an arms race in the Middle
East. Our sources say that the popular view is completely wrong. The Arab
arms race had begun long before the Israeli atom bomb project. Indeed,
Western covert aid to Arab nations to construct weapons of genocide was
the very reason Israel began the program in the first place. In this chapter
we address the following allegations made by our sources in the intelligence
community:
-
- * Several Western nations, including France, Britain,
West Germany, and the United States, recruited Nazi scientists for their
expertise in biological and chemical warfare.
-
- * Israeli intelligence penetrated Western intelligence
and discovered that Nazi genocidal research was being shared with several
Arab states.
-
- * France and West Germany were blackmailed into supporting
the development of the Israeli atom bomb. * The Israeli decision actually
to construct its first A-bomb was motivated in part by the resurgence of
former Fascists in Western countries, particularly in the political campaign
staffs of Richard Nixon.
-
- One of the side effects of the Liberty incident was that
President Johnson agreed to stop pressuring Israel to sign the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Treaty, much to the surprise of his aides.(1) Furthermore,
he ordered that all intelligence operations with the British against Israeli
nuclear programs be stopped. For a brief time Israel was regarded as the
"main ally" of the United States, and Arab oil was not as important
to American interests.(2)
-
-
- For Israel, the paramount lesson of the Liberty incident
was that the United States could not be trusted and that it must be responsible
for, and able to, defend itself. The Israelis knew that it would be just
a matter of time before Nasser regrouped his armies for the final solution
of the "Jewish question." Next time the Jews would not have to
depend on tanks, guns, and planes. They would have the atomic bomb.
-
- Much of the history of the Israeli nuclear weapons program
was ably documented in Seymour Hersh's book, The Sampson Option. Yet a
number of our sources among the former intelligence officers say that Hersh's
seminal account missed several important points.(3) It is true that Israel
benefited substantially from French scientific advice; however, after 1967,
the French terminated all weapons support for Israel in a fawning attempt
to please the Arab oil kingdoms. Despite the ban, the Israelis were able
to convince the French contractors to finish their work on the nuclear
weapons project. The Israelis had several threats to use against the French
government. As previously discussed, the Zionists had penetrated the Vatican's
Nazi smuggling networks fairly thoroughly. As a result, they were aware
of President Charles de Gaulle's scandalous role in recruiting Fascist
fugitives as French agents to fight the Communists in the Balkans in the
immediate post-World War 2 years. As fully documented in our previous books,
these anti-Soviet groups were organized in various fronts, such as Intermarium
and later the Christian Front, headed by Paul Reynaud. French intelligence
ran them until the British secret service took them over in the second
half of 1946.(4)
-
- Equally scandalous was the cover-up of the Vichy government's
role in Nazi atrocities. Some Frenchmen were themselves wanted Nazis and
were smuggled down the Ratline under the watchful eyes of Jewish intelligence.
Many more benefited from de Gaulle's cover-up and simply resumed their
lives in postwar France. The scandal still endures; only recently have
some of the French mass murderers, including Vichy officials, been exposed
and a handful charged.
-
- In fact, the Zionist intelligence service in France knew
that several prominent members of de Gaulle's administration had been secret
Nazi collaborators, among them Andre Francois-Poncet, the prewar French
ambassador to Berlin. During the war Francois-Poncet had become an informant
for SS intelligence, reporting to Klaus Barbie, the Butcher of Lyons. Another
of Barbie's informants was Henri Lebrun, later an important member of the
French judiciary.
-
- After the war Francois-Poncet became the French high
commissioner for Occupied Germany as well as head of the International
Committee of the Red Cross. As discussed in Chapter 6, instead of hunting
Nazis, Francois-Poncet was helping Allen Dulles smuggle them out of Europe.
He had little difficulty in supplying Dulles with all the Red Cross passports
he needed. In our previous book we detailed how the Francois-Poncet Lebrun
cover-up gave Dulles considerable leverage in French intelligence affairs.
Dulles's mistake was allowing James Jesus Angleton to develop his own French
liaison, a connection that some say was instrumental in the Zionists' acquisition
of French secrets.(5)
-
- According to a number of our sources, the Zionists discovered
that the French were giving passports to a few Nazi scientists and relocating
them in North Africa. Their curiosity aroused, the Zionists tagged along
and discovered that the French were building a massive testing range for
atomic, biological, and chemical weapons in its colony.(6) It was a hideous
place. The brutal Nazi experiments on human beings at Auschwitz had produced
a bewildering series of poisons. The French had captured German stocks
of Tabun, Sarin, and even more toxic nerve gases, which could kill on skin
contact. In addition the Germans had developed new and more virulent strains
of anthrax, typhus, cholera, malaria and plague.(7)
-
- The French were secretly testing the Nazi formulas and
compounds on farm animals and then building a secret network of factories
and research institutes to carry on the work that Hitler had started. This
was, of course, a flagrant violation of France's public promise to shun
chemical and biological warfare.(8) Seymour Hersh knew only that the French
had conducted atomic experiments at a secret base in North Africa. He did
not know that the base at Beni Ounif was also the heart of de Gaulle's
effort to manufacture the same chemical and bacteriological substances
that the Nazis had developed in their human experiments at Auschwitz and
elsewhere. The Israelis knew. They had penetrated the base from the outset
and were using the germ warfare scandal to blackmail their way into the
heart of the French illegal weapons program.(9)
-
- No matter how furious de Gaulle and other French leaders
became at Israel, their military intelligence advisers cautioned them not
to push the Jews too hard. Even after the French government publicly halted
the sale of tactical weapons to Israel in 1967, the French contractors
finished the plutonium factory at Dimona. The French-lsraeli covert weapons
program continued in secret despite the arms embargo. Apart from the blackmail
of Beni Ounif, there was a second, and even more practical reason for the
French to continue clandestine cooperation with the Israeli nuclear effort:
It was the French scientific community that was piggybacking on Israel's
research, not the other way around.(10)
-
- In the field of chemical weapons, for example, the Israelis
had perfected the use of Atabrine as an antidote to the Nazi nerve gases.
In terms of atomic research, the Israelis had such a wealth of scientists
that they had no need of French aid. Indeed, the head of the French nuclear
weapons project was himself a Jew, with strong sympathies for Israel. In
addition to scientific expertise, the Israelis had something else that
the French lacked: an ample supply of enriched uranium and a place to test
an atomic bomb in secret. Not in Israel, of course. In a manner of speaking,
the Israeli nuclear weapons program was hidden inside West Germany.(11)
-
- As previously discussed, John Mclntyre was a U.S. intelligence
agent assigned to General Reinhard Gehlen's headquarters in the late 1940s.
The CIA had established a base at Pullach for Gehlen, where the remnants
of Wehrmacht and SS intelligence were housed along with considerable numbers
of German scientists.(l2)
-
- During the war the scientists, scholars, and physicians
of the Third Reich had conducted very advanced research into biological
and chemical warfare, including live testing on human beings. Allen Dulles's
client, I.G. Farben, had equipped the Nazis with the largest pathological
laboratory and pressurized gas chamber in the world. The Soviet gulags
may have used more human beings as guinea pigs for military weapons, but
Auschwitz was the most sophisticated research facility ever built for testing
toxic compounds on people. In fact, the infamous Dr. losef Mengele was
only one of a team of German physicians at Auschwitz performing contract
work for the prestigious Kaiser Wilhelm Medical Institute in Berlin. The
"Brain Cancer" section was the Nazi cover for the biological
and chemical warfare program.(13)
-
- Only now are traces of this research, which had been
buried by the German medical community, beginning to emerge in the declassified
files of Western intelligence.(14) In fact, German doctors and scientists
have popularized the view that Hitler forbade any research in biological
and chemical weapons because he had been terribly scarred by chemical warfare
in World War 1. The newly declassified German documents reveal this to
be a lie. During World War 2 scores of German universities, physicians,
and scientists volunteered to participate in a massive research program
to turn the tide of war against the Soviets.(l5)
-
- One of the reasons for continued silence is that prestigious
Western institutions, such as the French Curie Clinic, the Rockefeller
Foundation, and the Carnegie Fund, all played a part in German scientific
research before the war began, and many German scientists resumed their
lucrative Western connections when the war was over.(16) To be fair, most
of the German biological warfare scientists went to the French and British
after the war; the Americans concentrated largely on nuclear physicists
and rocket research. Such companies as Dow Chemicals, W. R. Grace, Imperial
Chemical Industries, and Poudre were the new employers of choice for fugitive
German scientists.(17) Some, like Josef Mengele, were too well known for
their war crimes and eventually had to be smuggled down the Ratline.(18)
-
- By the late 1950s a large pool of fugitive German scientists
lived in Argentina and South Africa. By 1962 the West German government
had grown anxious about the fact that President Kennedy might someday pull
U.S. troops out of Germany, leaving the country defenseless against the
Soviets. Not knowing that the base at Pullach was heavily infiltrated by
Communist agents, Bonn commissioned the head of the West German secret
service General Gehlen to assist the military with a massive development
program for atomic, biological, and chemical weapons.(19) It was all quite
illegal, of course. Most of the dirty work was done in foreign countries,
such as Argentina.(20)
-
- To Israeli intelligence, it was far worse than illegal;
it was horrifying. They knew exactly what General Gehlen was doing. Agent
Mclntyre recalled that there had been Jews inside Pullach since the late
1940s. When Mclntyre first arrived at Gehlen's headquarters, he was amused
to see a Jewish American air force sergeant walking down the streets of
the secret compound, cursing at the "Nazi bastards" and making
them get off the sidewalk when he passed. After Israel was born, sections
of the Mossad arrived inside Gehlen's base to receive special training.
Mclntyre could never understand why the Jews kept quiet about what was
going on.
-
- While the naive Americans in the CIA took Gehlen's assurances
that he was not employing war criminals at face value, the Israelis knew
who the killers were and quietly blackmailed them. Gehlen could not expose
the Israeli penetration program without revealing some of his darkest secrets
to the Americans. Even he had no idea how many of his staff also were reporting
to Tel Aviv. Gehlen hid the secret from his own superiors in Bonn, in order
to preserve the fiction of the incomparable spy master.
-
- Consequently, in the mid-1950s when Dulles's agent, Miles
Copeland, asked Gehlen for scientists to help Nasser's military program,
the Israelis were promptly informed that the Americans were using German
war criminals to help the Arabs build a rocket. As previously discussed,
Copeland tried to cover his tracks by claiming that he only recruited "incompetent"
Nazis, but that was a lie. Through the Gehlen network of former Nazis,
"Egypt was engaging Germans not by the dozen, but by the score."
One former SS aeronautical construction specialist personally interviewed
220 men for work on the Egyptian rocket program.(21) And he was only one
of many recruiters.
-
- To his dismay, Copeland discovered that the Israelis
had a few Nazis of their own on the payroll and had thoroughly penetrated
Gehlen's operations. They knew that Copeland's "incompetent"
Nazis were really skilled technicians and scientists. They were not about
to sit back and let the Americans curry favor with Nasser by helping him
build a missile capable of hitting Israel. The Israelis stopped the rocket
program not by public exposure but by a series of assassinations and letter
bombs. {survival!}
-
- Why didn't the Jews go public? The answer is that they
could not expose the Dulles-Gehlen connection without revealing their sources
inside Gehlen's Pullach compound. It was their only reliable window into
the seamier side of Western intelligence. Gehlen spied on everyone: the
French, the British, the Americans, even his own government.(22)
-
- In 1962 one extremely well informed British journalist
was tracking the activities of a Nazi cell in the Middle East. His friends
in Israeli intelligence showed him a series of letters between one Nazi
in Egypt and an other in West Germany. This demonstrated that Israeli intelligence
was able to intercept German mail, copy it, and then forward it to its
intended recipient.(23) The reporter had discovered only one small part
of a very much bigger Israeli operation.
-
- According to several of the "old spies," by
blackmailing General Gehlen the Israelis actually gained widespread access
to letter opening, wire tapping, and coded communications inside Germany.
Bonn did not know it, but Gehlen was spying on his own superiors, not to
mention most of the West German population. Since Gehlen's organization
was an integral part of NATO, the West German base gave the Jews unparalleled
access to the nastier side of Western intelligence operations as well.(24)
If the Israelis blew the whistle, the Germans would launch a massive house-cleaning
operation at Pullach and the Jews' sources might be swept away along with
the general.
-
- Whatever Gehlen saw, the Israelis saw. According to some
sources, it was Gehlen's copy of American intelligence reports on French
experiments in chemical and biological warfare that tipped off the Israelis
about the French North African testing range. The French were not alone
in these types of experiments. The Americans filed quarterly reports on
the progress of each country's efforts to expand on the Nazi germ and gas
research. Nearly a dozen European nations had scientists working full time
on perfecting the illegal weapons of the Third Reich. There were just too
many scientists for another assassination or letter bomb program similar
to that used against Copeland's Nazis in the 1950s.(25)
-
- Even if the Jews had been able to kill all the French
Nazi scientists, the British-controlled Germans alone would have been able
to carry on with the program. The British had sent their Nazi scientists
to play on a 1,000-square-mile testing range in Canada.(26) On the other
side of the Cold War, the Soviets had built an entire city around the Nazi
nerve gas factories that had been moved piece by piece to the Soviet Union.(27)
In sum, all of the Allies had Nazis on the payroll.
-
- By the early 1960s the Jews knew that some of Copeland's
"incompetent" Nazis in Egypt were already working on gas and
germ warfare and testing it in their war against the Yemeni royalists.
As The Sunday Telegraph reported in mid-1963, the gas and bacteriological
weapons could be delivered by conventional bombs or by missiles.(28) Over
the next few years there were numerous reports of Egyptian use of mustard
and other poison gases and suggestions of various bacteriological attacks
as well.(29)
-
- The Egyptians' rudimentary program was nothing compared
to the sophisticated formulas developed by the various Western nations.
Still, Nasser had more than enough tools to do horrible damage to the Jews,
and it was only a matter of time before one of the Western nations shared
its more advanced Nazi weapons expertise with the Arabs. As Jonathan Pollard
later discovered to his horror, that is exactly what occurred in the 1970s
and 1980s. The German nerve gas factories recently constructed in Libya
and Iraq are using the identical formulas perfected on Jews at Auschwitz.(30)
-
- Many people have criticized the nation of Israel for
commencing a nuclear bomb program. As already discussed, President Kennedy
begged the Jews not to introduce atomic weapons to the Middle East and
offered them $600 million to build a nuclear powered freshwater desalinization
plant instead. Tel Aviv refused the offer and plowed 10 percent of its
national budget into the Dimona facility, a move that some people believed
irrational.
-
- Many of the former intelligence officers we interviewed
on this subject say that theJews had no other choice. During the 1950s
the proliferation of Nazi technology in chemical and biological warfare
had spread like wildfire around the world. Nasser already had his Nazi
scientists on the job, and soon the Arabs would perfect these weapons of
mass destruction for use against the Jews. A few suitcases full of Rycin
could effectively poison the entire national water system of Israel. A
truckload of canisters filled with Soman nerve gas released downwind could
wipe out the population of Tel Aviv in an afternoon. A barrier of anthrax
spores in the soil would isolate Beersheba for decades.(31)
-
- The Israelis were not paranoid. The threat of another
"final solution" was, in fact, increasing every year. As American
intelligence reports now confirm, the Soviet Union had taken the Nazi human
experiments and developed new forms of toxic warfare. By the mid-1950s
the Soviets had produced enough Nazi nerve gas to poison the population
of the world several times over. Huge stockpiles of anthrax, plague, and
"designer bacteria" were in place in each Soviet city. In the
event of war, barriers of poison ground would isolate Soviet cities from
invaders. More frightening, the Soviets had developed new offensive systems
of germ warfare for genocide.(32)
-
- There is little defense against this kind of attack,
and what few antidotes exist are withheld from the public as military secrets.
One of the best examples of this is Movidyn, a substance that the Soviets
discovered in their satellite state of Czechoslovakia way back in the 1950s.
Movidyn is a form of colloidal silver, odorless, tasteless, and cheaper
to produce than chlorine disinfectants. One part per billion of powdered
Movidyn in water has a germicidal effect. In a study of infected wells,
it completely destroyed typhus, malaria, cholera, and amoebic dysentery.
Drinking containers washed in Movidyn retained their germ-fighting abilities
for several weeks.(33) Movidyn seems to be a cost-effective prophylactic
for most of the waterborne diseases that infect the Third World. To the
astonishment of the Soviet military, Movidyn also disinfected every germ
warfare bacteria in the Soviet arsenal, even their newest designer poisons.
In other words, Movidyn was too good. The Czech factory was disassembled
and carted back to the Soviet Union. To this day, the Movidyn formula
seems to have been suppressed from the world, but then so have reports
of germ warfare experiments that went wrong. Every country, including the
United States, has a few skeletons in its closet when it comes to research
on weapons of genocide.(34)
-
- The fact that the Soviets went to such lengths to develop
antidotes to chemical and biological warfare techniques is testimony to
the devastating effects they can have on the defenses of any nation, let
alone the tiny nation of Israel. It also would be naive to think that such
weapons are too frightening to use in war. The Japanese army successfully
used germ warfare, including plague, against the population of China during
World War 2. Recently declassified Japanese files indicate that they intended
to conquer Australia with rats infected with bubonic plague, cholera, anthrax,
typhoid, and hemorrhagic fever.(35) The U.S. Air Force dropped potato bugs
on Nazi Germany to destroy crops. Saddam Hussein used both nerve gas and
germ warfare against the Iraqi Kurds. There are too many precedents to
ignore.(36) {See also "Precendents for AIDS?: Chemical-Biological
Warfare, Medical Experiments, and Population Control" by Robert Lederer,
Covert Action Information Bulletin #28, Summer 1987 - which begins with
a listing of various U.S. biological attacks on Cuba's livestock (swine
fever) and agriculture (blue mold and rust disease).}
-
-
-
- The Israelis always have known that, sooner or later,
someone would think about targeting them. The genie of germ warfare had
been let out of the bottle by the Nazi laboratory at Auschwitz. During
the 1950s and early 1960s they watched nation after nation perfect the
technology. Even if the Jews went public, the Western governments would
deny that they were using Nazi scientists to research illegal weapons of
genocide. Probably all that would happen from such a pronouncement would
be that Western nations would simply do a better job of concealing their
toxic warfare programs. No one in the West would give up the Nazi scientists,
not as long as the Communists were using them too.(37)
-
- The Soviets were relying on germ and gas warfare as their
primary defense, for their atomic program lagged several years behind that
of the West. By 1948, the Soviets had the bomb, but no guidance system
for missiles to transport it. The military depended on radio beacons inside
each Soviet embassy to home the missiles in, an unreliable and extremely
vulnerable system that remained in effect until the 1960s. Stalin and his
successors would not give up their germ warfare programs-at least they
knew they worked.
-
- In the short run, only international agreement might
have some effect on stopping the programs. The Israelis recognized that
the Western governments had sat silent during one Holocaust and might well
do so again for the sake of their Middle East oil supplies. The Jews knew
from bitter experience that the West had shown more interest in recruiting
Nazis than hunting them.
-
- The Israelis' brief spurt of Nazi hunting in the 1960s
met with little success. The Eichmann kidnapping in 1960 had aroused the
ire of South American governments, which encouraged a wave of anti-Semitic
attacks against Jews in Latin America. The West German minister of "refugee
resettlement," Theodore Oberlander, was charged in the 1960s with
war crimes while in command of the Nazi Nachtigall Brigade, but dozens
of his grateful Ukrainian Fascist subordinates testified on his behalf
and obtained an acquittal. Nobody believed the Jewish witnesses.
-
- TheJewish press in the United States, Canada, and Australia
identified a series of Nazi war criminals, but nothing was done. In fact,
the Australian government simply blackmailed its tiny Jewish population
of Holocaust survivors into silence. They were told to shut up about Nazi
emigres living "down under," or all the money they were sending
to Israel would be frozen permanently. In frustration at the West's cynicism,
the Israeli government told their Nazi hunters to close up shop.(38)
-
- It was a case of "if you can't beat them, join them."
The reluctance of the Western nations to pursue Nazi war criminals was
a small but critical factor in Israel's decision to go nuclear. As long
as the Nazi scientists roamed around free, their genocide research would
continue. In the long run, the Jews would never find an antidote to every
germ and gas weapon, but in the short run, they could build a deterrent.
Ironically, the old Nazis in Pullach would help them build the atomic
bomb.
-
- The problem for Israel was not nuclear technology. The
Israelis had enough skilled scientists to solve the design problem. The
French contractors provided the machinery to build a plutonium reprocessor.
The real obstacles were a constant supply of uranium and a remote test
site. Israel has only trace amounts of uranium in its soil, which would
be prohibitively expensive to retrieve. Even if enough was scraped together,
the country is so small that an atomic detonation, even underground, would
be detected easily. The Germans solved both problems. Argentina had a large
natural supply of uranium and an equally large contingent of Nazi scientists.
Dunng the early 1960s a senior West German diplomat in Buenos Aires, who
had long been involved with the intelligence service, successfully negotiated
a trade treaty with the Argentine government. A secret annex to the treaty
was discovered years later by one of our sources, a member of the Argentine
Foreign Ministry. The secret protocol called for the West German government
to finance a massive Argentine effort to process enriched uranium. The
West Germans secretly provided funding as well as reactor design technology
they had obtained under a license from the American Westinghouse Corporation.(39)
-
- A similar protocol was executed with South Africa, which
had an equally large contingent of Nazi Germans. There the scientists would
take the enriched Argentine plutonium, design a crude but effective tactical
nuclear warhead, and test it. The West German government, despite its public
allegiance to nuclear arms control, was, in fact, responsible for the single
largest proliferation of nuclear arms technology in the world.(40)
-
- Bonn was astounded when the Mossad revealed its knowledge
of the entire scheme and demanded a continuous supply source of uranium
as the price for continued silence. In March 1968, even before the Argentine
facilities were fully on line, the West German intelligence service arranged
for the first illegal diversion of enriched uranium to Israel.(41) Shortly
afterward, the Dimona reactor began producing weapons-grade plutonium.
Israel's decision to join the nuclear club in 1968 was prompted by several
factors, not the least being the U.S. decision to join the arms embargo
against Israel after the 1967 war. The Arab states, of course, continued
to receive massive arms shipments from the Soviets, while the Western states
continued their chemical and biological warfare programs.
-
- In 1968 Henry Kissinger, a campaign adviser for Nelson
Rockefeller's bid for the Republican nomination for that year's presidential
election, told the Israeli leaders the facts of life. In essence, Kissinger's
stated policy was that the West should stand by and do nothing if Israel
was attacked by Soviet missiles. The Jews were on their own. The United
States would not risk starting World War 3 over Arab territories occupied
by the Jews, and Moscow knew it.(42)
-
- A few months after Kissinger's bombastic lecture, the
first Israeli nuclear bomb was assembled. The State of Israel quietly and
efficiently had achieved the counterweapon to ensure its long-term survival.
As long as the Jews could wipe out the Nazi scientists and their Arab sponsors
with a nuclear strike, the threat of chemical and biological attack from
the Arabs would remain on hold. The code name given to the first Israeli
bomb: "NEVER AGAIN." (43)
-
- It is an axiom among the Western press that the Jews
make too much of the Holocaust and that Israel is paranoid about its security.
The truth is that the Israeli policy has been to keep quiet about the subject,
especially when it touched Western aid to Nazis. As will be seen here,
the Israeli decision to go nuclear in 1968 also coincided with the emergence
of ex-Nazis in Richard Nixon's campaign to become president of the United
States.
-
- Twenty years after the birth of Israel, the Nazis were
coming out of the closet in the United States. One of the most prominent
Eastern European Fascists was Laszlo Pasztor, the founding chair of Nixon's
Republican Heritage Groups council. During World War II Pasztor was a diplomat
in Berlin representing the Arrow Cross government of Nazi Hungary, which
supervised the extermination of the Jewish population.(44) As a member
of a wartime "movement hostile to the United States," Pasztor
would have been barred by the Displaced Persons' Act from entering the
United States. However, in the first year of the Eisenhower administration,
that act was replaced by the Refugee Relief Act of 1953. Former members
of Fascist governments became eligible for visas, as long as they did not
advocate forming a totalitarian government in the United States.(45)
-
- Pasztor labored on the fringes of the Republican party's
Ethnic Division during the Eisenhower administration, but the loyal Fascists
were always dropped as soon as the election campaign was over. The Ethnic
Division was allowed to be active only during presidential campaigns. In
1968 Nixon changed all that. According to Pasztor, Nixon personally promised
to establish a permanent ethnic organization in the Republican party if
he became president.(46)Nixon kept his promise. As discussed in Chapter
5, the 1972 secret Australian memo revealed that the Nixon administration
had discovered that Fascist groups were useful to get out the ethnic votes
in several key states. Nixon needed the Nazi vote to avoid another Dewey
debacle. Just a few more votes would have made all the difference in Nixon's
race against Kennedy in 1960. In several key states, the Eastern European
vote could provide the margin for victory in 1968.
-
- The road to temptation was clear, and after Nixon won,
he approved Pasztor's appointment as chief organizer of the ethnic council.
Not surprisingly, Pasztor's "choices for filling emigre slots as the
council was being formed included various Nazi collaborationist organizations."(47)
The former Fascists were coming out of the closet in droves. The policy
of the Nixon White House was an "open door" for emigre Fascists,
and through the door came such guests as Ivan Docheff, head of the Bulgarian
National Front and chairman of the American Friends of the Anti-Bolshevik
Bloc of Nations (ABN).(48) The ABN, as we documented in our previous book,
had been condemned even during the Eisenhower administration as an organization
dominated by war criminals and fugitive Fascists.(49) Yet Nixon welcomed
them with open arms and even had Docheff to breakfast for a prayer meeting
to celebrate Captive Nations Week.(50)
-
- In late 1971 a series of Nazi scandals hit the press
in the United States and President Nixon was accused of being too close
to notorious Fascist emigres. On November 10, in a piece headlined "Nixon
Appears a Little Soft on Nazis," Jack Anderson recapitulated a number
of his charges in The Washington Post. Anderson had reported that the president
had "invited an ex-Nazi to the White House for a prayer session and
that he sent a letter of tribute to a notorious anti-Jewish editor."
(51)
-
- The Nixon White House had protested that the president
"has never condoned and does not condone anti-Semitism in any form."
Anderson agreed but pointed out that "men with histories of Nazi sympathies
have managed to endear themselves to the Nixon administration." Five
weeks earlier Anderson had cited the case of Dr. Joseph Pauco, "a
prominent GOP adviser and White House guest" who was "a pro-Nazi
propagandist in Slovakia during World War 2." Pauco may have been
a Fascist, but he was a good Christian. Like Pasztor, he too had prayed
with the president during his White House visit and was one of the controllers
of the Republican party's Heritage Groups Council.(52)
-
- Anderson also had reported previously that both Nixon
and Vice President Spiro Agnew had sent warm tributes to Geno Szebedinsky,
editor of the Hungarian-American newspaper Magyarsag, "which foams
with anti-Semitism." Nixon had written that "his distinguished
career . . . is well known to me." In the five weeks since the charge
was first made, Nixon had done nothing to repudiate his letter of greetings.(53)
-
- It should be recalled that the State Department told
its Australian counterpart that local officials in "several key states"
depended on the Nazi vote. In fact, the emigre ethnic factions, such as
the Croatian Ustashi, were important in federal elections as well. The
"Nixon for President" campaigns appear to have been the primary
beneficiary of their support. The president himself needed the Eastern
European vote so desperately that he was not about to condemn the Fascist
ethnic editors who could reach the voters, even if their hatred of the
Jews was well documented.
-
- During Nixon's "Four More Years" campaign in
1971-1972, Laszlo Pasztor again played a key role in marshaling the ethnic
vote. No longer a marginal player on the fringes, now he held a key position
as the Republican National Committee's nationalities director. At a two-day
organizing convention in November 1971, Pasztor castigated the "ultra-liberal"
and leftist Democratic party, which he felt had abandoned ethnic Americans,
and boasted of the work he had done to funnel their votes to the Republicans.
Several grateful Nixon cabinet members responded with promises of increased
federal funding for their favored ethnic groups.(54)
-
- The Republican leadership cannot claim ignorance as a
defense. Anderson's famous expose of Nixon's Nazis appeared in The Washington
Post at the same time as the November 1971 convention. Among those mentioned
was Laszlo Pasztor, "the industrious head of the GOP ethnic groups,
{who} was never asked about his wartime activities in Hungary by the four
GOP officials who interviewed him for his job." It was too embarrassing
for Nixon to admit that Pasztor had been a ranking member of a Fascist
government at war with the United States.
-
- In his defense, Pasztor claimed that he was never a Jew-hater
and that actually he was trying to rid the Republicans of extremist emigres.(55)
If so, he had a funny way of doing it. It is one thing to promote obscure
Eastern European Fascist movements in the Republican party. It is quite
another to let the German Nazis have a major influence. After 1953, the
Republican administration changed the rules, and even members of the Waffen
SS could immigrate to the United States as long as they claimed only to
have fought the Communists on the Eastern Front.(56)
-
- By the 1970s Pasztor wasn't afraid to associate publicly
with former supporters of German fascism. Nor did Nixon seem to care, as
long as the Germans voted for him. In October 1971 the second All German-American
Heritage Group Conference "received a letter of 'warm greetings' from
President Nixon and a note of welcome from Mrs. Nixon, who accepted the
title of honorary chairman and noted her own German ancestry." It
does not take a genius to realize that some of the conference members were
not typical German-Americans. Among the Fascist propaganda offered at the
conference were advertisements for books that denied that the Final Solution
had taken place; one of the featured speakers had argued that the reports
of 6 millionJews killed by the Nazis were "part of a Communist-Zionist
propaganda effort."(57)
-
- If these were the "moderates" Pasztor was promoting
against the "extremists," then the far corners of the right must
have been very extreme indeed. Another "moderate" leader was
Romanian-born Paul Deac, a vociferous supporter of Nasser and a bigot about
black Americans. On one occasion his front group ran a full-page advertisement
"attacking federal plans to recruit more Negroes for defense jobs"
under the headline "Is Your Job Next?" Deac himself said: "We
spend millions and the Negroes get everything and we get nothing."
Nothing except from Texaco, that is, which was one of the partners in Aramco's
holdings in Saudi Arabia that funded Deac's group.(58)
-
- In fact, the jockeying for power and competition over
lucrative funding between so-called moderates and extremists in the Fascist
ethnic groups caused more factional fights than did any fundamental political
differences. When it suited them, representatives of all factions worked
together under the leadership of the Republican party.(59) The evidence
is unequivocal that successive Republican leaderships knew exactly what
they were doing and with whom they were working. Nixon could not have failed
to notice the adverse press the Fascists' relationship with the Republican
party was getting, but apparently the votes they could deliver outweighed
any doubts he may have had about their credentials.
-
- Pasztor was absolutely self-confident. He knew that even
after the press scandals, the Fascists would remain as part of the Nixon
team because of the importance of the ethnic Fascist vote as a counter
to the Jews. "It was my job to bring [theml into the Republican Heritage
Groups Council.... In 1972 we used the Council as the skeleton to build
the Heritage Groups for the re-election of the President." (60)
-
- According to several of our sources in the intelligence
community who were in a position to know, the secret rosters of the Republican
party's Nationalities Council read like a Who's Who of Fascist fugitives.(61)
The Republican's Nazi connection is the darkest secret of the Republican
leadership. The rosters will never be disclosed to the public. As will
be seen in Chapter 16 dealing with George Bush, the Fascist connection
is too widespread for damage control.
-
- According to a 1988 study by Russ Bellant of Political
Research Associates, virtually all of the Fascist organizations of World
War 2 opened up a Republican party front group during the Nixon administration.
The caliber of the Republican ethnic leaders can be gauged by one New Jersey
man, Emanuel Jasiuk, a notorious mass murderer from what today is called
the independent nation of Belarus, formerly part of the Soviet Union. But
not all American ethnic communities are represented in the GOP's ethnic
section; there are no black or Jewish heritage groups.(62)
-
- According to a number of former intelligence officers,
Nixon was funding the Nazis in the United States with the taxpayers' money.
Each of the ethnic groups was the beneficiary of covert CIA support for
"anti-Communist propaganda" that enabled them to publish right-wing
newspapers, hold conventions, and generally establish dominance over the
democratically inclined, anti-Nazi, ethnic immigrants. For years the money
was taken from the ClA's covert accounts and laundered through legitimate
organizations, such as Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.(63)
-
- The CIA got wise to the illegal funding conduit in 1970
and asked a friendly member of the U.S. Senate to publicly expose the radio
stations as covert cash conduits, hoping that the organizations would be
abolished. Instead, Nixon issued a top-secret EXCOM, or Executive Committee
order, to Henry Kissinger to find a way to save the stations. Kissinger
did so, and they were promptly transferred to a quasi-public front under
the State Department.(64)
-
- The unwitting head of the new radio front, alarmed at
the number of staff complaints about anti-Semitism and pro-Nazi leanings
among the ethnic broadcasters, ordered an investigation. State Department
Security ran complete background checks on employees and found that many
were prominent Fascists. Stanislav Stankievich, for example, was a known
war criminal-the Butcher of Borisov in Belarus. The scandal was swept under
the rug, and the Nazis stayed on the payroll.(65)
-
- Between the Six Day War in 1967 and the Yom Kippur War
of 1973, the Israeli intelligence service watched in silent fury as the
Nixon administration hired and gave honored places in public life to the
men who had murdered their families. This is not to say that hiring Nixon's
Nazis was a program of the American government or even the Republican party.
If there is one thing that both Republicans and Democrats agree upon, it
is that Nazis are bad. The truth is that the Nazi immigrants were "tar
babies" that no one knew how to get rid of. Dulles had brought in
a handful of the top emigre politicians in the late 1940s. They in turn
sponsored their friends in the 1950s. By the 1960s ex-Nazis who had originally
fled to Argentina were moving to the United States. Everyone turned a blind
eye.
-
- FBI director Hoover, for example, knew that many of Dulles's
"freedom fighters" had backgrounds that disqualified them for
legal entry under the Displaced Persons' Act. According to the top-secret
files of the International Rescue Committee, Hoover protected himself by
removing the FBI from the process of background checks.(66) No one was
checking the Nazis' background, except for a few "experts," such
as Angleton, who was already in Dulles's pocket.
-
- The Zionists' blackmail of Angleton had a devastating
effect on him as well as the Israelis themselves. Angleton hated them,
and at the same time that he built his reputation within the CIA as the
Jews' best friend, he secretly was betraying them and helping to build
Dulles's Fascist "freedom fighter" networks. His best work was
an extension of the Vessel fraud, as Angleton covered the ClA's files on
Central and Eastern European emigre groups with a cloud of disinformation.(67)
-
- Only the initiated could tell which of the groups were
legitimate anti-Communists and which were Dulles's Nazis. To this day,
the CIA files for Eastern European Fascist groups are a hodgepodge of error
and political fantasy constructed by the emigres themselves. The U.S. intelligence
community was crippled by political corruption in the 1950s and to this
day has never fully recovered.(68)
-
- The KGB, of course, exploited the confusion fully. Dulles
did not know it, but his "refugee" chief, Carmel Offie, was a
Communist mole. With Kim Philby running the British end of the emigre operation
and Offie an important part of the American side, virtually all of the
Cold War projects launched by Richard Nixon, Allen Dulles and Frank Wisner
came to an explosive end. The Communists had penetrated the Fascist networks
in the United States from top to bottom. The Soviets even were using Dulles's
secret lists of relocated Nazis to blackmail potential recruits to work
for them. When the Nazis warned the FBI, they were told to keep their mouths
shut.(69) Even Hoover swept the scandal under the rug when told there was
a Communist agent inside the New York FBI office.
-
- To this day, the CIA still refuses to declassify its
files for "Prince" Turkul's network. It is just too embarrassing
to admit that the Eastern European Fascist groups, whom Dulles had hired,
turned out to be working for the other side. The solution Dulles devised,
and that Nixon adopted, was to pretend that the Soviets had never infiltrated
the emigre groups. Hoover, in fact, knew the whole story. The FBl's own
sources inside the Nazi community kept him apprised of the latest developments,
including the extent to which the Nixon campaign put the same agents on
the campaign payroll in 1968 who had worked for Dulles from 1948 to 1958.(70)
Without particularly referring to Nazis, as Nixon later admitted, Hoover
had enough on him "to bring the Temple down." (71) By 1968 Nixon's
Nazis had become a permanent fixture of American political life, and Hoover
held Nixon in a political headlock.
-
- To be fair, the resurgence of Fascist organizations between
1968 and 1988 was not merely an American phenomenon. The failure of the
Allied leadership to pursue Nazi war criminals after World War 2 had disastrous
consequences. In Australia, the Eastern European Fascists almost seized
regional control of a mainstream conservative political party. In Canada,
the Ukrainian Fascist movement controlled the swing vote in several national
elections. In Latin America, the Fascists' power reached its peak, with
several dictators propped up by force of arms and with the help of ex-Nazi
intelligence agents.
-
- The young men who fought for Hitler in the 1940s had
become "intelligence consultants" in the 1960s. By then they
were in their late forties and early fifties, at the peak of their physical
and political health. They in turn trained the "death squads"
of South America in SS techniques. As amply documented by Scott Anderson
and Jon Lee Anderson in their book on the World Anti-Communist League,
Inside the League, the old right and the new right merged beneath the broad
umbrella of anticommunism.(72)
-
- The resurgence of the ultra-right around the world would
have failed, however, without Japanese funding. Just as Nixon was toying
with a few Fascists on the fringe of his 1968 campaign, all across the
world Nazi and Asian war criminals were coming out of the closet and forming
a sort of Fascist International, called the World Anti-Communist League
(WACL), which owed its early start to Allen Dulles's brother, John Foster.
(73)
-
- {WACL has had a number of affiliates, and has dropped
the name WACL and now calls itself by the more neutral sounding 'U.S. Council
for World Freedom'. It has also been known as the 'Council on American
Affairs'. Go to <publiceye.org, the website of Political Research Associates,
for more information on the World Anti-Communist League.}
-
- In 1948 Foster and General Douglas MacArthur released
Japanese war criminals from prison and they immediately formed a thinly
disguised neo-Fascist front in Japanese business and politics. One of their
proteges, Kishi Nobosuke became prime minister in 1959. During the 1960s
the former Japanese Fascists conducted extensive propaganda in the United
States, under the umbrella of the WACL.(74) Several sources have linked
John Foster Dulles's network of Japanese Fascists into an ongoing covert
disinformation campaign in the Western press.(75) While there is some
dispute as to the origins of the WACL propaganda front, our sources have
little doubt thatJews have been its most consistent target.(76)
-
- But over the years greed, more than bigotry, has been
the motive for Japanese anti-Semitism. Japan, which obtains 90 percent
of its oil from the Arabs, views American support for Israel as an irritant
to the smooth supply of oil. The Japanese viewed favorably any right-wing
organization that would lobby effectively against the Jews. Their anti-lsrael
strategy was subtle. An organ-ization like WACL, dominated and supported
by Japanese-Korean Fascists and old-time Nazis, was a perfect back door
to American politicians.
-
- The propaganda scheme was so good, in fact, that the
Arabs moved into WACL in 1979 and successfully pushed their hatred of the
Jews and Israel. Even pro-Communist Arab regimes, such as those of Syria,
found a warm welcome in the Fascist circles of WACL. The reason was simple:
Whether from racial hatred or political ideology, they all saw Jews as
their sworn enemies and Israel as a state to be destroyed. "With membership
in the League, the Arabs could now play both sides of the fence, subsidizing
the far left for its pro-Palestinian sentiments and bankrolling the far
right for its anti-lsrael ones." (77)
-
- WACL was the logical outcome of old schemes: Use the
right against the center to isolate the Jews. As Jack Philby said, it was
all about oil. The conventional view of the first Nixon presidency is that
the White House armed Israel in 1970-71 in order to preserve U.S. Middle
East oil interests from the Soviet threat. Perhaps Nixon was an anti-Semite,
but at least he was pro-lsrael, if only for strategic reasons. For Israeli
prime minister Golda Meir, however, the old enemies had come back. When
Nazis were received as honored guests in the Nixon White House and Asian
Fascists joined the Arabs in lobbying for the destruction of the Jewish
state, the world had become a very frightening place. After the 1967 war,
Israel was more isolated than ever before. The little bomb named NEVER
AGAIN was the only security the nation possessed.
-
- FOOTNOTES - CHAPTER 13 - THE FINAL SOLUTION REVISITED
-
- (1). Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA; former
agents, CIC (U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps), former officer, U.S.
MIS. (U.S. Army Military Intelligence Service) (2) Seymour M. Hersh, The
Sampson Option (New York: Random House, 1991), p. 168. (3) Confidential
inteniews, former agents, CIA; former agents, CIC; former officer, U.S.
MIS. (4) Readers interested in an account of this are directed to our previous
book, Unholy Trinity (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992), chap. 3. (5)
Confidential inteniews, former agents, CIA. (6) Confidential inteniews,
former agents, CIA; former officer, U.S. MIS. (7) Confidential inteniews,
former agents, CIA; former consultant to Fort Detrick, Maryland. (8) We
are indebted to Rachel Verdon lor providing us with documents obtained
under the Freedom ol Information Act detailing French advances in chemical
and biological warlare. (9) Confidential interviews,former members ol Israeli
military intelligence. (10) Confidential interviews,former agents, CIA;
former agents, CIC; former officer, U.S. MIS. (11) Ibid. (12) Among them
was General Gehlen's brother, a physician who used the pseudonym Doc Winters.
He was wanted for alleged atrocities committed in the name of military
research. Confidential interview, member of Pullach staff. According to
this source, a man bearing a startling resemblance to Dr. Joseph Mengele
was occasionally seen lounging at the pool beside Doc Winter's Pullach
residence. Most people associate Mengele with the cruel experiments on
Jewish twins or recall his role as the "Angel of Death" in selecting
"useless eaters" for the gas chambers at Auschwitz. In fact,
these were sidelines to his major research work for the German military,
virtually all of which continued to be classified by the Allied governments
after the war. Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA; former agents,
CIC; former officer, U.S. MIS. (13) Confidential informant, CIC. The CIC
has a large collection of files on the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, which
are now being declassified. We are grateful to Ms. Verdon for sharing these
records with us. (14) Confidential interview, German physician resident
in the United States. According to him, several exposes of the medical
atrocities were published after the war in Germany, but all copies were
quickly suppressed. (15) Most of the German research on human beings was
useless. For example, a confidential source in a U.S. military service
sent us a copy of the Navy's file on Dachau experiments. According to the
postwar survey, the Jewish inmates altered the test procedures and faked
the results in an attempt to save as many lives as possible. (16) Rachel
Verdon, private collection of documents obtained under the U.S. Freedom
of Information Act. Copies in authors' possession. (17) Ibid (18) Mengele's
brother Karl appears on a list of German scientists interrogated by British
intelligence after World War 2. Our sources say that Joseph used his brother
to negotiate a trade: his freedom in return for documents on Nazi testing
of nerve gas on human beings. Confidential interviews, former agents, CIC;
former officer, U.S. MIS. (19) Confidential interviews, former Pullach
staff members. 20. Confidential interview, former member of Argentine diplomatic
corps who reviewed records of the German nuclear development protocol.
21. Richard Deacon, The Israeli Secret Service (London: Sphere, 1979),
p. 145. (22) Confidential interview, former member West German intelligence
service. (23) "I was dumbfounded when I saw this material. It means
that someone working for Israel was-and no doubt still is-in a position
to intercept letters passing between Egypt and the German Federal Republic-two
states with which Israel has no diplo- matic relations (today Israel
has an embassy in Bonn)-photograph whatever correspondence interested him,
and then pass on the letters to their destination without the correspondents
being any the wiser." Denis Sefton Delmer, "The Secret Service
Nasser Fears," The Sunday Telegraph, January 14, 1962, as quoted in
Deacon, The Israeli Secret Service, p. 144. (24) Confidential interviews,
former Pullach staff members; former agents, CIA; former agents, CIC; former
officer, U.S. MIS. (25) Confidential interviews, former agents, CIC; former
officer, U.S. MIS. (26) Rachel Verdon, private collection of documents
obtained under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act. Copies in authorst
possession. (27) Ibid. (28) "German chemists in Egypt are working
on gas and germ warfare projects, according to reliable sources in Teheran
and in other Middle Eastern capitals. "These Germans are said to be
operating in strict secrecy under the direct orders of President Nasser's
Cabinet. It appears they are experimenting with gas and bacteriological
weapons that can be delivered either by bombs from aircraft or in rocket
warheads. "The Saudi Arabian Government and Yemeni Royalists are preparing
full reports on several recent cases when Egyptian Air Force planes were
said to have dropped gas bombs on pro-royalist Yemeni tribesmen."
The Sunday Telegraph, June 16, 1963, as quoted in John Cookson and Judith
Nottingham, A Survey of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Monthly
Review Press, 1969), p. 6. (29) Ibid., pp. 6-14. (30). The nerve gases
Soman, Sarin, and Tabun (known in NATO as the G Series) all had their origins
with I.G. Farben's toxic research for the Third Reich. Before the end of
World War 2, the Nazis had perfected each of the formulas, down to the
microscopic amount needed to kill one human being by skin contact. A confidential
source in the U.S. Army intelligence service has confirmed that for ten
years prior to disclosures in the press, the U.S. government protested
to the West German government to no avail concerning its tolerance of the
export of genocidal gas factories to the Middle East. The Bonn Govern-
ment explained lamely that it had little constitutional power to restrict
exports, and the matter was out of its hands. According to one Israeli
source, Pollard's discovery of this subterfuge led him to leak information
to Israel. Confidential interview, member Israeli military intelligence.
(31). Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA; former agents, CIC;
former officer, U.S. MIS. (32). Rachel Verdon, private collection of documents
obtained under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act. Copies in authorst
possession. (33). Ibid. (34). Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA;
former agents, CIC; former officer, U.S. MIS. Rachel Verdon has been collecting
declassified records of Soviet research on Nazi toxins. She has compiled
a frightening and formidable amount of documentation. Although the evidence
is still incomplete, there is reason to believe that the Soviet military
discovered that ticks, fleas, and lice could be systematically infected
and then secretly dispersed throughout an enemy population. There are some
indications that the Soviets used the "insect vector" on their
own dissident Moslem populations.
-
- According to our sources, they tried it on an American
population as well. Verdon has found some intriguing circumstantial evidence
to support this claim. In the late 1940s, the Soviet ship Elberus delivered
a load of furs and skins to the port of New York. Shortly afterward an
epidemic of an unknown disease similar to rickettsial pox broke out in
New York City. It was traced to a form ol insect rarely seen in the United
States but common in the Soviet Union. According to our sources, the U.S.
government threw a top-secret classification over the entire episode and
immediately began to study the Soviet insect vectors on Plum Island off
the coast of Connecticut. That, the old spies say, is how Lyme disease
began to spread. The government quietly commissioned a study of the New
England population, using the unwitting Muscular Sclerosis Society as a
cover. When no indications of epidemic infections in humans or animals
were found, the whole study was quietly scrapped. What the govern-ment
did not know was that Lyme disease can be dormant for several years and
later may have reacted with common vaccines in a most unfortunate manner.
-
- While the Lyme disease story cannot be corroborated,
Verdon has confirmed that a top-secret U.S. study labeled "Clandesdne
Attacks on Crops and Animals" once existed, but all copies have been
destroyed. One of the participants in the study, Leo Alexander, has been
identified as a U.S. intelligence expert on Nazi medical experiments on
human beings. To this day, the Department of Agriculture Research Station
on Plum Island is closed to human visitors. Still, it may all be a coincidence.
Other accidents in toxic research, however, can be documented. Several
thousand sheep in Utah were accidentally sprayed with nerve gas. One researcher
inside the "Dome" at Fort DetricK, Maryland, was killed when
accidentally exposed to a virulent biological warfare experiment. The Soviets
have admitted that they lost a large number of lives in an anthrax experiment
that went wrong. (35). Ben Hills, "Japan's Wartime Plan for Australia:
Plague Rats," The Sydney Morning Herald, August 17,1993, p. 1. (36).
Rachel Verdon, private collection of documents obtained under the U.S.
Freedom of Information Act. Copies in authors' possession. (37). Confidential
interview, former agents, CIA; former agents, CIC; former officer, U.S.
MIS. (38). For an account of the history of Nazis in Australia and their
intelligence connections, see Mark Aarons, Sanctuary! Nazi Fugitives in
Australia (Melbourne: Heinemann, 1989). (39). Confidential interview, former
Argentine diplomat who has subsequently fled the country. Corroboration
was obtained from historian Paul Manning, who conducted his own independent
research. (40). Ibid. (41). The illegal diversion was done "allegedly
on behalf of an Italian chemical company in Milan. The sale was approved
by Euratom in October, and the uranium was shipped out of Antwerp aboard
a vessel renamed the Scheersberg A. The Scheersberg A had been purchased,
with Mossad funds, by another Israeli agent-in-place in Turkey. Once at
sea, according to published accounts that were confirmed by Israeli officials,
the uranium ore was transferred to an Israeli freighter guarded by gunboats
and taken to Israel. The disappearance of the huge shipment of uranium
ore was known, of course, within months to Euratom; it wasn't much longer
before U.S. and European intelligence agencies were reporting internally
that the Israelis were involved." Hersh, The Sampson Option",
p. 181. (42). "His message... was electrifying: the United States
would not 'lift a finger for Israel' if the Soviets chose directly to intervene
by, 'say, a Soviet missile attack against the Israeli Air Force bases in
Sinai...The main aim of any American President is to prevent World War
3. Second, that no American President would risk World War 3 because of
territories occupied by Israel. Three, the Russians know this.'"Ibid.,
p.177. (43).Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA. (44). "In
World War 2 Pasztor was a member of the youth group of the Arrow Cross,
the Hungarian equivalent of the German Nazi party.... The Arrow Cross took
power in Hungary, with Hitler's aid, to help defend Germany. Pasztor was
sent to Berlin as part of the new diplomatic mission to Hitler until the
war's end." Monograph, Russ Bellant, Old Nazis, the New Right and
the Reagan Administration: The Role of Domestic Fascist Networks in the
Republican Party and Their Effect on U.S. Cold War Politics, Political
Research Associates, Cambridge, MA, September 1988, p. 15. (45). This was
accomplished not by Congress, but by administrative fiat of the director
of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. (46). "One of
the leaders of the 1968 Nixon-Agnew campaign's ethnic unit, Pasztor says
that Nixon promised him that if he won the election, he would form a permanent
ethnic council within the GOP, as the Ethnic Division was only active during
presidential campaigns." Bellant, Old Nazis, the New Right and the
Reagan Administration, p. 15. (47). Ibid. (48). Ibid. (49). It also was
Kim Philby's favorite Nazi front and had more than the usual share of Communist
double agents in leadership positions. Confidential interviews, former
members, CIA. (50). "The GOP nationalities council has provided an
entry into the White House for several self-styled immigrant leaders with
records as pro-Nazi extremists. Bulgarian American Republican party notable
Ivan Docheff, for example, who has served as an officer of the Republican
party's ethnic council for years, has acknowledged that he was once a leader
of the National Legion of Bulgaria, a group that the more moderate Bulgarian
National Committee in the United States has described as 'Fascist'. ..Docheff.
. . was once invited to share a Captive Nations prayer breakfast with President
Richard Nixon." Christopher Simpson, Blowback: America's Recruitment
of Nazis and lts Effects on the Cold War (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicholson,
l988), pp. 273-274. The Docheff invitation was a bit much and caused a
publicity backlash: "Docheff's picture at the White House with Nixon
and Agnew, printed in the Bulgarian-language paper Borba, raised cries
of outrage from moderate Bulgarian-Americans." Jack Anderson, "Nixon
Appears a Little Soft on Nazis," The Washington Post, November 10,
1971, p. B17. (51). Anderson, "Nixon Appears a Little Soft on Nazis."
(52). Anderson had previously presented evidence that Pauco "still
worships the memory of the Nazi puppet in Slovakia, Joseph Tiso,"
the disgraced monsignor who had helped the Nazis kill the country's Jews.
The Anti-Defamation League had confirmed and amplified upon Pauco's pro-Nazi
record, and the "Republican National Committee quickly accepted Pauco's
resignation" as "one of four controllers of the National Republican
Heritage Groups Council." Despite this, Pauco still continued to hold
an honorary position as adviser to Small Business Administrator Tom Kleppe,
including the influential role of advising on loans to small entrepreneurs.
Ibid., and The Washington Post, November 8, 1971, p. A2. (53). Anderson,
"Nixon Appears a Little Soft on Nazis." (54). Pasztor told the
meeting that "President Nixon . . . has promised an 'open door' for
ethnic Americans tired of Democratic 'ultra-liberals' who had forgotten
them. "Laszlo Pasztor . . . went on to report that 'as the Democrat
Party has shifted further to the left, revived Republican 'heritage' groups
have enrolled close to 100,000 members of German, Polish, Hungarian and
other 'ethnic' minorities. ". . . Phillip Sanchez, director of the
Office of Economic Opportunity, Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary of Health,
Education and Welfare, and other administration figures promised the GOP
Heritage Conference at the opening session Friday that, under Mr. Nixon,
more federal aid would go to the ethnic groups. ". . . Indeed, the
'open door' was wide open." Peter Baestrup, "GOP's 'Open Door':
Who's Coming In?" The Washington Post, November 21, 1971, pp. A1,
A13. (55). Ibid. (56). The Waffen SS was a purely military unit and included
some draftees as opposed to the all-volunteer Algemeine SS, which ran the
death camps. However, many of the Waffen SS divisions were composed of
former police executioners who played a major role in the Holocaust. See
discussion of 30th Waffen SS Division in John Loftus, The Belarus Secret
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982). (57). Also among the featured speakers
at the convention were a senior FBI official, the head of the General Services
Administration, and Representatives William Scherle and Tom Gettys. The
executive director of the group was Dr. Karol Sitko, "a rotund Polish-German
emigre who has maintained close ties with the Republican Party as an adviser
to the GOP National Committee's Heritage (Nationalities) Division."
Sitko's own German organization had recently been extremely active in lobbying
against any extension of the West German Government's statute of limitations
on World War 2 war crimes. One of the leaders at the convention was Austin
J. App, "noted Nazi apologist and historical revisionist." In
"his prolific writings, he has contended that Jews were responsible
for triggering World War 2 and that the Allies treated the defeated Germans
brutally after the war." Paul Valentine, "German-Americans Relive
Heritage in 'Obscure' Meeting," The Washington Post, November 21,
1971, p. A12. (58). In the spring of 1971, Deac's so-called extremist opponents
started to get active in trying to take over his front group, the National
Confederation of American Ethnic Groups (the NCAEG), in the form of Sitko,
Docheff, App, and Ibrahim Dzinich, president of the Croatian National Union.
Deac accused them of forming unconstitutional chapters and having themselves
appointed to top positions, while they in turn accused Deac of being a
dictator and keeping the power tightly in his own hands: "Meanwhile,
even as they became active in NCAEG, Sitko, Docheff and friends offered
themselves as allies to Laszlo Pasztor and his burgeoning GOP National
Committee Heritage (Nationalities) Division. They were not only 'ethnic'
leaders, but also 'Ethnic Republican leaders.'" Baestrup, "GOP's
'Open Door': Who's Coming In?" (59). In May 1971, for example, Pasztor
made a trip to Scranton, Pennsylvania, accompanied by Anne Armstrong, co-chaimman
of the Republican National Committee. They met with one of the "extremist"
faction's prime financial backers and several of the key members of the
"extremist faction." The local newspaper called the extremist
faction the "principals" of the Republican party's northeast
Pennsylvania Heritage Group. lbid. (60). "Each formed a Republican
federation, with local clubs around the country. These local clubs of the
various federations then formed state multi-ethnic councils. Today there
are 34 nationality federations and 25 state councils that constitute the
National Republican Heritage Groups (Nationalities) Council." Bellant,
"Old Nazis, the New Right and the Reagan Administration," p.
15. (61). Confidential interviews, former members, CIA; former staffers,
NSC. 62. ". . . two groups are missing at the Republican Heritage
Groups Council. There are no Black or Jewish Republican federations. Remarks
by a number of delegates . . .made it clear that there was no desire to
have either community represented on the council...Given the background
of the Council's leadership, it is difficult not to conclude that elements
of racism and anti-Semitism may play a role in the decision to exclude
Black and Jewish constituencies." Bellant, "Old Nazis, the New
Right and the Reagan Administration," p. 24. (63). Confidential interviews,
former agents, CIA; former staff members, Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe.
(64). Radio Liberty files, Foreign Affairs Information Management Center,
U.S. State Department. (65). Ibid. See discussion of Stankievich's crimes
and the cover-up in Loftus, The Belarus Secret, pp. 20, 25-28, 65-66, 119.
(66). U.S. Department of Justice, Attomey General's Files, National Security
Council, sub-dossier for IRC. (67). Confidential interviews, former agents,
CIA. (68). See, for example, declassified CIA dossier, "German Intelligence
Agents in the Middle East," USNA, Military Reference Branch, which
gives a wildly erroneous background for the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
and the Russian Fascist organization NTS. The amount of misinfommation
passed on to other government agencies is simply staggering. See, for example,
Frank Wisner's letter to the U.S. Immigration Service, quoted in Loftus,
The Belarus Secret. (69). Confidential interviews, former special agents,
FBI. (70). Ibid. See, for example, FBI dossiers for Frantishek Kushel.
Kushel was a police executioner for the SS who kept the FBI informed of
Dulles's use of Nazis for covert operations. (71). U.S. National Archives,
President Richard Nixon, tape collection. (72). Scott Anderson and Jon
Lee Anderson, Inside the League (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1986). 73. Ibid.,
p. 61. (74). Ibid., p. 55. WACL began with John Foster Dulles's efforts
to "revive" the Japanese economy after World War 2. With the
connivance of Douglas MacArthur, they recruited Japanese war criminals
as anti-Communist organizers. One of them was Ryoichi Sasakawa, who later
boasted "1 am the world's wealthiest fascist." His protege, Yoshio
Kodama, was one of the financial backers for the U.S.-sponsored right-wing
politicians, who made his fortune from the brutal Japanese occupation of
China. He was also a leader of the black shirt terrorists called the Yakuza,
the Japanese version of the mafia, which ran goon squads for the ruling
Liberal Democrats. John Halliday and Gavan McCommack, Japanese Imperialism
Today (London: Penguin, 1973), p. 92; and Jon Halliday, A political History
of Japanese Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975), p. 265.
Still, they were good anti-Communists, and of no use to the Dulles brothers
sitting in jail: "Sasakawa, Kodama, and other prominent war criminals
were quietly released from prison in 1948 and became some of the prime
movers, organizers and funders of the Japanese Liberal Democratic party,
a conservative pro-American party that has controlled the political life
of Japan ever since. Through this maneuver, the old ruling circles of Japan,
the men who had allied with Nazi Germany . . . were resurrected and brought
back into leadership roles." Anderson and Anderson, Inside the League,
pp. 62-63. Sasakawa's cellmate was another Class A war criminal named Kishi
Nobosuke who in 1959 became the prime minister of Japan. Kishi was the
"prime mover" in the establishment of the Asian People's Anti-Communist
League, which became the World Anti-Communist League in the 1960s, with
Kishi as chairman of the Planning Committee in 1970. Ibid., p. 63n. (75).
In the early days, WACL was a joint venture of the Korean CIA and Japanese
Fascists. It was purely an intelligence/propaganda operation. In Jluly
1967 Sasakawa arranged a secret meeting with his new Korean front man,
Reverend Sun Myung Moon founder of the Unification Church, whose members
were better known as the "Moonies." According to the "old
spies," the Moonies became the bagmen for a Japanese propaganda effort
in the United States. Apart from alleged under-the-table contributions
to WACL, the Reverend Moon's propaganda team "also spends $1,500,000
a year on a conservative Washington think tank; has sunk $15,000,000 into
national distribution for the unsuccessful Washington Times, has given
a half-million dollars to the National Conservative Political Action Committee
(NCPAC)." Ibid., pp. 128-129. In addition, the Moonies have spent
$100 million on South American newspapers, printing companies, and banks.
Money means nothing to Moon's organization: "It lost an estimated
$150,000 in the first two years of its publication of the Washington Times
and many millions more through its New York-based The News World, the Spanish-language
Noticias del Mundo, and The Middle East Times in Cyprus. At the same time,
its membership declined dramatically." Ibid., p. 127.
-
- The Reverend Moon did not raise that kind of money selling
flowers in airports. According to several intelligence sources, it was
coming from Sasakawa and his friends. Sasakawa denies funding Moon. However,
"two former high officials of the Unification Church . . . have disclosed
that as much as $800,000,000 was funneled into the United States from Japan
over a nine-year period, often by disciples carrying cash in their luggage."
lbid., p. 129. The Japanese electorate may be surprised to learn that their
tax payments were laundered through the Yakuza to the Moonies to finance
an ultra-right-wing lobby in the United States. By 1993 theJapanese were
so thoroughly sick and tired of the whole corrupt system created by Dulles
and his allies that they defected in droves from the Liberal Democrats
and forced them out of power for the first time in over four decades. But
the real scandal, say the "old spies," is that while the Moonies'
money came from the Japanese government, the distribution of funds was
overseen by Dulles's cronies in the CIA. Confidential interviews, former
agents, CIA; former members, CIC. (76). One version has it that the propaganda
actually originated back in the 1950s with Allen Dulles's CIA station chief
in Korea, who continued his association with WACL over the next several
decades. A more plausible version, provided by some of our sources in the
intelligence community, is that Dulles established a dormant front group
in the 1950s, which Japanese Fascists then revived and used for their own
ends in the 1960s and 1970s. Confidential interviews, former agents, CIA;
former agents,CIC; former officer, U.S. MIS. (77). "Starting with
the 1979 League conference, militant Arabs, under the banner of the Middle
East Security Council, became a major force and financial backer of the
League. Their chief 'anti' was not communism but Israel. This explains
why government officials from Arab nations that are closely allied with
the Soviet Union, such as Syria, have found a platform in the World Anti
-Communist League. "It is quite easy to see the Arabs' interest in
the League. Here in one fell swoop they tapped into bitter enemies of Israel
in the United States, Latin America and Europe. Certainly some of their
new allies had different reasons for their anti-lsraeli stance-they hated
Israel because they hated Jews-but the result was the same: dedicated and
unwavering enemies of the 'Zionist state.'" Anderson and Anderson,
Inside the League, pp. 108-109.
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