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- Aerosolized Vaccines And Contrails
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- Jeff,
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- This company, Maxygen, has been given a 6.7 million dollar
grant from DARPA for the development of "aerosolized vaccines."
Hhhhmmm. Interestingly, they are also working on an aerosolized anti-biological
agent consisting of the commonly used protease, "subtilisin."
This is an enzyme commonly found in laundry detergents. It has been found
to be highly effective in beaking down bacterial cellular walls, causing
the bacteria to literally explode into a harmless mass. The idea would
be to spray any affected area or individuals with this enzyme foam and
decontaminate them, without the need for toxic substances like formaldehyde.
Apparently, it workd quite effectively. These clues may point towards
an explanation of these strange contrails we've been witnessing all over
the country.
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- http://www.maxygen.com/webpage_templates/home.php3?page_name=home
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- _______________
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- DARPA Research And Development
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- Jeff,
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- The Program Manager is a Navy SEAL and MD, with the rank
of Commander, Shaun Jones. Jones is known as "The Man from DARPA."
I think the trail to solving the mystery contrails leads here. Just my
hunch.
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- http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/Abmt/Pathogen.html
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-
- The goal of the Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures
program is to develop and demonstrate defensive technologies that afford
the greatest protection to uniformed warfighters, and the defense personnel
who support them, during U.S. military operations. While no defense may
stop a determined adversary from unleashing biological weapon, a sufficiently
robust array of pathogen defenses and countermeasures " deterrents
in their own right " will reduce the probable damage that would result
from biological weapons used in a particular operation.
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- The most sinister offensive biological warfare scenario
employs surprise, immediate proximity, and rapidly lethal, persistent agents
in overwhelming quantities. Under these circumstances, real-time sensing,
donning of physical protection, and conventional nonmedical countermeasures
are only marginally effective. An effective operational defense ideally
requires instantly available or emplaced countermeasures that can defeat
biological threats as they enter the body and before they reach and attack
target cells and tissues.
-
- The focus of the Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures
program is the development of revolutionary, broad-spectrum, medical countermeasures
against significantly pathogenic microorganisms and/or their pathogenic
products. These countermeasures will be versatile enough to eliminate
biological threats, whether from natural sources or modified through bioengineering
or other manipulation. They will also have the potential to provide protection
both within the body and at the most common portals of entry (e.g., inhalation,
ingestion, transcutaneous). Strategies include but are not limited to:
-
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- * Defeat of a pathogen's ability to enter the body, traverse
the bloodstream or lymphatics, and enter target tissues.
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- * Identification of novel pathogen vulnerabilities based
on fundamental, critical molecular mechanisms of survival or pathogenesis
(e.g., Type III secretion, cellular energetics, virulence modulation).
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- * Construction of unique, robust vehicles for the delivery
of countermeasures into or within the body.
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- * Modulation of the advantageous and/or deleterious
aspects of the immune response to significantly pathogenic microorganisms
and/or their pathogenic products in the body.
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- _______________
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- Decontamination Methods Based On Industrial Enzymes Optimized
for Killing of Biological Warfare (BW) Spores
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- http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/UPC/0034.html
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- Maxygen, Inc. Redwood City, CA
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- Willem Stemmer, (Principal Investigator) Pascal Longchamp,
Scientific Project Leader, Maxygen Inc. <mailto:Pascal_Longchamp@maxygen.com
Pascal_Longchamp@maxygen.com Lori Giver, Scientist, Maxygen Inc. Jon Ness,
Scientist, Maxygen Inc. Mark Welch, Scientist, Maxygen Inc. Anders Pedersen,
Scientific Project Leader, Novo Nordisk A/S
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- The goal of the Maxygen/Novo collaborative DARPA project
is to create decontamination reagents for Biological Warfare (BW) pathogens
using a powerful new platform technology, DNA shuffling. DNA shuffling
is a revolutionary method for directed evolution. Maxygen uses a preferred
format, called family shuffling, to create large libraries of chimaeric
genes encoding industrial enzymes that will be screened for antimicrobial
activity against spore forming BW pathogens. In this project we integrate
Novo Nordisk's expertise in industrial enzyme technology and production
with Maxygen's expertise in DNA shuffling and library screening technologies.
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- Pathogenic spore-forming bacteria like Bacillus anthracis,
Clostridium botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens and C. tetani form
spores which survive in harsh environmental conditions for extended periods
of time. The spore nucleoid structure is surrounded by protective layers
composed of peptidoglycan and proteins with unusual amino acids content.
This structure provides unique resistance properties acting as a permeability
barrier to prevent access to the underlying spore protoplast. Spores are
able to survive exposure to chlorinated solvents, detergents, mechanical
disruption, extreme temperatures, UV and ionizing radiation. These organisms
can be bioengineered to maximize pathogenicity and the spores easily weaponized
and stored. The possible use of spores in BW or terrorist activities argues
for an enzyme-based, broad spectrum decontamination formulation for personnel,
equipment and environment. Integration of our technologies and expertise
will result in the development of effective spore-degrading enzymes and
a novel platform for rapid enzyme development against a wide variety of
wild-type and recombinant spore-forming BW pathogens.
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- Last Updated: Oct 20, 1998
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- _______________
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- Revealing DARPA Page Loaded With Intriguing References
To Advanced BioWarfare And Related Research Many of which could have application
via mass spraying and aerosolization.
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- http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/UPC/NavIndex/index.html (Go
to this page to access direct links to any of the topics listed below)
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- Anti-Bacterials Anti-Toxins Anti-Viral Decontamination
External Protection Immunization Multi-Purpose
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- Anti-Bacterials Sweden Defence Research Establishment
(FOA) Umeå, Sweden
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- Common Signatures of Infected Eukaryotic Cells U.S.
Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
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- To Exploit the Essential Cell Division Protein FtsZ as
a Broad-Spectrum Anti-Bacterial Target U.S. Ibis Therapeutics
Carlsbad, CA
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- Universal Pathogen Countermeasures U.S. Isis Pharmaceuticals
Carlsbad, CA <
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- Drugs to Protect Against Engineered Biological Warfare
Bacteria U.S. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Collegeville, PA
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- Novel Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents - Gene Expression
U.S. Stanford University Stanford, CA
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- Novel Targets of Pathogen Vulnerability U.S. Stanford
University School of Medicine Stanford, CA
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- Common Targets of Pathogen Vulnerability
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- Anti-Toxins Israel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Israel
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- Superantigen Toxin Antagonist and Vaccine U.S.
Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM
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- Structural Biology of Bacterial Toxins U.S. Rockefeller
University New York, NY
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- Rapid Method to Express Biologically Active Proteins
on the Surface of Gram-Positive Bacteria for Biological and Vaccine Purposes
U.S. Stanford University Stanford, CA
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- Creating Cellular Resistance to Toxins in Mammals
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- Anti-Viral U.S. enVision Cherry Hill, NJ
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- Developmental Proteins to Prevent Human Injury from Pathogens
U.S. Genelabs Technologies, Inc. Redwood City, CA
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- Stockpiling Drug Subunits for Rapid Response to Biological
Warfare U.S. Hughes Institute Saint Paul, MN
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- Pokeweed Antiviral Protein as a Universal Virus Neutralizer
U.S. The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA
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- Invasive (Intra-cellular) Antibodies U.S. Stanford
University School of Medicine Stanford, CA
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- A Common Target for Positive-Strand RNA Viruses
U.S. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston, TX
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- Structure-based Design of Acute Countermeasures to Viruses
U.S. University of Wisconsin Madison, WI
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- Non-Peptide Antiviral Agents that Interdict Host Cell
Transport U.S. Xavos San Francisco, CA
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- Intraneuronal Drug Delivery
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- Decontamination U.S. Maxygen, Inc. Redwood City,
CA
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- Decontamination Methods Based on Industrial Enzymes Optimized
for Killing of Biological Warfare (BW) Spores U.S. University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
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- Molecular Decoys to Soak up Pathogens
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- External Protection U.S. Harvard University Cambridge,
MA
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- Polyvalent Inhibitors of Adhesion of Microorganisms,
Viruses, and Toxins U.S. Molecular Geodesics Inc. Boston, MA
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- Biomimetic Materials for Pathogen Neutralization
U.S. Northrop Grumman Corporation Bethpage, NY
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- Personal Environmental Protection System
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- Immunization U.S. Boyce Thompson Institute for
Plant Research, Inc. Ithaca, NY
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- High Level Expression of Vaccine Antigens and Epithelial
Transport Molecules In Transgenic Plant Cells and Organs U.S. Harvard
University Boston, MA
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- Novel Bacteriophage Therapies for Vibrio cholerae Infection
U.S. Massachusetts General Hospital /Harvard Medical School Boston,
MA
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- Super Immune Cells U.S. Maxygen, Inc. Redwood
City, CA
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- Improved Vaccines by DNA Shuffling of Pathogen Antigens
U.S. OSIRIS Therapeutics, Inc. Baltimore, MD
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- Sequential Auto Vaccination by Stem Cells U.S.
University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT
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- Heat Shock Protein-Peptide Complexes as Anti-Viral Agents
U.S. University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX
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- Instant Immunization
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- Multi-Purpose U.S. Abitis Pharmaceuticals LLC
Dallas, TX
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- Neuroimmunomodulatory alpha-MSH peptides U.S. Alnis,
LLC San Leandro, CA
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- Novel Pathogen Countermeasures via Molecular and Nano-Surface
Recognition U.S. Boston University Boston, MA
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- Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense - Destruction U.S.
ChemoCentryx San Carlos, CA
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- Development of Novel Dendritic Cell-Active Chemokine
Modalities and Advanced Cell Detection Technologies for Intensified Vaccination
and Accelerated Immunotherapy U.S. GeneSoft, Inc. South San Francisco,
CA
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- Genetic Countermeasures: Regulation of Pathogen Gene
Expression by DNA-Binding Polyamides U.S. Inotek Corporation Beverly,
MA
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- Mercaptoethylguanidine: A Revolutionary Generic Immunomodulatory
Countermeasure for Biological Warfare Defense U.S. Maxygen, Inc.
Redwood City, CA
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- Genetic Vaccine Vectors Evolved for Optimal Immunization
with Pathogen Antigens U.S. Rush Medical Center Chicago, IL
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- Ionic Channels U.S. University of Michigan Ann
Arbor, MI
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- Intracellular Sensors of Virulence U.S. University
of Iowa Iowa City, IA
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- Activation of Innate Immunity by CpG DNA for Broad Spectrum
Protection Against Pathogens U.S. University of Texas-Southwestern
Medical Center Dallas, TX
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- Paraimmunity, Super Vaccines, and Chemical Genomics
U.S. University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville,
VA
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- Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense - Decoy
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