EARTHQUAKES - Hazard Associated with Deep Well Injection
- Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 1951 (Manuscript approved for
publication on June 28, 1990.1Institute for Crustal Studies, University
of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.2U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,
VA 22092). The PDF for the report is under the comment below . .
.
TAVARES COMMENT -- The perfect earthquake, "fingerprintless" and deliberate!
Think about this - maximize profits by using the earth as an invisible
internal dump site by injecting toxic waste underground. Under certain
circumstances some of the injection sites cause earthquakes. Big profits
are made due to the deliberate damage caused by earthquakes and the cost
required for reconstruction of damaged infrastructure . . . Plus, the
savings by disposing manufacturing chemical wastes into the ground versus
LEGAL disposal . . The Perfect Crime. . . This report discloses facts that have been CONCEALED from the public
. . . Furthermore, can we fully reLIE upon a report like this to
represent REAL scientific data? Particularly, when this report
discusses impacts of water loads due to reservoirs that this report
says causes earthquakes? If indeed reservoirs for water
storage cause earthquakes, this finding would lend to the acceptance
of dam removal, which doesn't add up when you think of ALL the lakes
i.e. Great Lakes (water reservoirs), in the United States that store
water, collect surface water run-off and increase the ground water
supply.
Keep in mind we are finding that MOST scientific reports are based
upon consensus science and NOT real science. This is Criminal
Science which is profiting the bankers that are creating 'markets"
out of intentional and deliberate redefining of REAL factually based
data. Science has been for sale, for profits, for control and
to enslave the populations through corporate statutes, rules and
ordinances to enforce criminal policies based upon false science
with criminal intent. Keep in mind - the global warming
science is another consensus based science created to further profit
the bankers and enslave the people. .
It is possible this report was crafted as a cover for the seismic
damages caused by injection wells by falsely blaming the impacts of
damages caused by water reservoir storage. .
The profit driven bankers have been "vaccinating" the earth with
LETHAL injection wells, and have Plans to privatize the PUBLIC water
supply. Their strategy will drive public water resources into
private hands, a partnership launched quietly in January 2012 at the
World Economic Forum. They plan to establish water governance
that put the private sector in the driver's seat in water management
and control . . and create a global water "market", wherein they
sell our water back to us . . The international bankers are seizing
public water resources under the cloak of many corporate government
agencies such as the EPA, Army Corp of Engineers, Dept. of Interior,
The World Bank, VEOLIA (Rothschild), Nestle, Coca-Cola, GE, and
more, along with our local state and corporate governments. It makes
sense that the international bankers would benefit by reducing
access to water resources creating the fear of seismic destruction.
CAUTION - THIS REPORT MAY HAVE BEEN PRODUCED TO REDIRECT EARTHQUAKE
LIABILITY OF INJECTION WELLS TO RESERVOIR WATER STORAGE . . . AGAIN,
THIS REPORT IS LIKELY FLAWED AND CREATED BY CONSENSUS SCIENCE - TO
DISGUISE THE REAL NATURE OF THE PROBLEM . . . WHAT WE DO KNOW
IS THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IS A CORPORATION AND DOES NOT SERVE
THE PEOPLE.
PDF - Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -
http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1951/report.pdf
Excerpts from above link:
Under certain circumstances, the increased pore pressure resulting
from fluid injection, whether for waste disposal, secondary
recovery, geothermal energy, or solution mining, can trigger
earthquakes. This report discusses known cases of injection-induced
seismicity and how and why earthquakes may be triggered, as well as
conditions under which the triggering is most likely to occur.
Criteria are established to assist in regulating well operations so
as to minimize the seismic hazard associated with deep well fluid
injection
SUMMARY
Within the United States, injection of fluid into deep wells has
triggered documented earthquakes in Colorado, Texas, New York, New
Mexico, Nebraska, and Ohio and possibly in Oklahoma, Louisiana, and
Mississippi. Inves- tigations of these cases have led to some
understanding of the probable physical mechanism of the triggering
and of the criteria for predicting whether future earthquakes will
be triggered, based on the local state of stress in the Earth's
crust, the injection pressure, and the physical and the hydrological
properties of the rocks into which the fluid is being injected.
Page 66
APPENDIX B - SUMMARY OF RESERVOIR-INDUCED SEISMICITY
The phenomenon of seismicity induced by the impoundment of
reservoirs is more widespread and better documented than that of
injection-induced seismicity; how- ever, the mechanism of
reservoir-induced seismicity is more complicated and not as well
understood (Gupta and Rastogi, 1976; Simpson, 1986a). (HUM? THIS IS
CLASSIC DOUBLE-SPEAK). Reservoir-induced earth- quakes were
first described in association with the filling of Lake Mead, Nev.
(Carder, 1945), but it was not until the late 1960's, when
earthquakes larger than M 5.5 occurred at four major reservoirs
(Hsinfengkiang, China, Kremasta, Greece, Lake Kariba, Rhodesia, and
Koyna Reservoir, India), that sufficient concern was raised to
warrant inves- tigation of the mechanism controlling
reservoir-induced seismicity. The largest of the earthquakes
believed to have been induced by the impoundment of a reservoir
occurred at Koyna Reservoir in 1967 and had a magnitude of 6.5. It
caused over 200 deaths, 1,500 injuries, and considerable damage to
the nearby town and the dam. Thus, the hazard associated with
reservoir-induced seismicity is significant.
Unlike injection operations that only affect pore pressure, the
presence of a large reservoir modifies the environment in several
ways. First, the large mass of the reservoir represents a large
increase in the imposed load, which increases the in situ elastic
stresses. The load of water also affects the pore pressure directly
(by the infiltration of the reservoir water and subsequent raising
of the water table) and indirectly (through the closure of water-
saturated pores and fractures in the rock beneath the reservoir
load). This coupling between the elastic and the fluid effects in
the rock, as well as the poorly understood response of
inhomogeneities in material and hydrologic properties of the rock to
changes in stress induced by the reservoir load, make modeling the
impact of reservoirs much more difficult than for cases of fluid
injection (Simpson, 1986a). Nevertheless, there are enough similar-
ities between injection- and reservoir-induced earthquakes that they
both provide a number of constraints on the mechanism of triggered
seismicity.
Although the magnitude of the net pore pressure change produced by
reservoir impoundment is often considerably less than at many fluid
injection sites, the larger physical dimensions of the reservoirs
allows their influence to extend over much broader areas.
AGAIN CAUTION - THIS REPORT MAY HAVE BEEN PRODUCED TO REDIRECT
EARTHQUAKE LIABILITY OF INJECTION WELLS TO RESERVOIR WATER STORAGE .
. . AGAIN, THIS REPORT IS LIKELY FLAWED AND CREATED BY CONSENSUS
SCIENCE - TO DISGUISE THE REAL NATURE OF THE PROBLEM . . .
WHAT WE DO KNOW IS THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IS A CORPORATION AND
DOES NOT SERVE THE PEOPLE.
TO LEARN MORE GO TO - wwwStopTheCrime.net to the USA, Inc. link and
watch or read "The Iron Mountain Report" . . Senate Report 93-549
and "The Great American Adventure - Secrets of America" by retired
Federal Judge Dale - all free downloads from www.StopTheCrime.net or
google search . ..
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