Spring is finally here. Even in post apocalypse Japan after days of
cold rain and gloom the veil has lifted. The blue sky came out the
other day and people enjoyed Tokyo’s central park for gentle weather
and sunshine dancing on the leaves; the viewing of early variety
cherry blossoms; young families had picnics with their children and
played ball; college students had boisterous drinking parties; dog
owners strolled their barking status symbols; joggers and cyclists
made the rounds; comedians, artists, acrobats, musicians and
frenzied bongo drummers entertained passersby. Everyone was happy,
alas, little did they know the following story.
Reactor Unit No. Four
While it is true that we live in interesting times, they are
perhaps, a bit too interesting. As I recently scanned the nuclear
news one item jumped out. Japan came “this close” to a large scale
nuclear catastrophe, but was saved only by Tokyo Power Company’s
(Tepco) mechanical mishap -- not by their diligence!
The Asahi newspaper reported that at the time of the March 2011
earthquake/tsunami that destroyed the Fukushima nuclear reactors:
“A decrease in the water level [at unit four] could have caused
exposure and overheating of the nuclear fuel and a massive
discharge of radiation and radioactive substances. That would not
only have made the entire Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant
inaccessible, but also could have led to theabandonment of the
Fukushima No. 2 plant and other nuclear power plantslocated nearby.
Worst-case scenarios envisaged by the governments in Tokyo and
Washington involved the evacuation of residents from the Tokyo
metropolitan area. In reality, however, a displaced separator gate
between the spent fuel storage pool and the adjoining reactor well
apparently created an opening, allowing about 1,000 tons of water to
flow from the reactor well into the storage pool, it was
learned later. The injection of outside water into the storage pool
began on March 20. As a result, the fuel in the [unit four] pool was
kept at relatively safe levels during the crisis” (1).
It is unclear to me why the fuel rods would not have been covered in
water the entire time given they can never be exposed to air, but
according to this account it was only by accident that water
dribbled in due to the malfunctioning gate from the reactor well.
Had the fuel rods not been cooled it would have caused a
radiological fire and prevented water from being sprayed onto the
other reactors. Waterless meltdowns at several reactors would have
led to a chain reaction of events, which would have made Chernobyl
seem like a tea party by comparison. In fact, the 3/11 earthquake
led to a total of 14 reactors at 4 sites in Japan being directly
affected (2).
Such a malfunction is not unusual for the nuclear industry, which
excels in keystone cops antics, and worse, lying to regulators. In
order to save money for Tepco, an engineer admitted he covered up “a
manufacturing defect in the $250 million steel vessel installed at
the Fukushima Dai-Ichi No. 4 reactor...for a unit of Hitachi Ltd.
(6501) in 1974. The reactor, which Tanaka has called a ‘time bomb,’
was shut for maintenance when the March 11 earthquake” hit. Tanaka
noted about 3/11, “[w]ho knows what would have happened if that
reactor had been running?” (3). The technical problems prevented the
restart of the defective unit four reactor which could have led to a
full scale meltdown.
The “what if” scenarios are not behind us-- despite what the
International Nuclear Crime Syndicate (INCS) says, the crisis is far
from over. As Japanese nuclear expert and critic Hiroaki Koide
stated, it would not even take a large earthquake to cause havoc at
unit four. Due to the weakened structure of the building and because
of persistent earthquakes, the 1300 - 1500 nuclear fuel rods which
are stored in an upper floor 100 feet above ground are in a
precarious position.
“If a large aftershock occurred and the wall here collapsed, the
water in the pool would leak out and the spent fuel would not be
cooled any more. Then, they would start to melt, probably
completely. And the huge amount of radiation contained in the spent
fuel would be released outside, with no walls to block it....that
would be the end. The end for a wide area including Tokyo” (4).
Koide’s fears are echoed by Yukitero Naka, a nuclear engineer
featured in a German TV broadcast. Naka’s nuclear consulting company
has been working to help fix the Fukushima No. 1 station, so he has
intimate knowledge of the situation. “My biggest fear is that we
soon won’t have any qualified staff who can work” at the site once
most of them reach maximum radiation exposure. He is unsure where
new engineers and workers will come from, and given that it will
take decades to decommission the plant, this is an extremely
worrisome point. He also believes the situation is still dangerous,
especially unit four, “which has been strongly damaged by the
earthquake.” The spent fuel rods in the cooling pool are stored
along with “a lot of very, very heavy machinery....If another
earthquake occurs then the building could collapse and another chain
reaction could very likely occur” (5).
Hideki Shimamura and his team of Tokyo University geologists told
German TV that the chances of “a new big earthquake” in Japan are
75% in the next four years (ibid.). If you look at a topographical
map which shows the ocean depths, there is a giant trench that
parallels the east coast of Japan, as if the entire country was
about to fall off a ledge. Aftershocks in the northeast of Japan
have been common since the 3/11 quake and Japan is one of the
world’s most seismically active regions on the Asian Pacific Rim of
Fire (6; 7; 8).
The “Stop Hamaoka” website has been up for years to warn of the “big
one” which could affect the Hamaoka nuclear station situated 200 km
from Tokyo. They report that 66% of winds blow to the Tokyo
Metropolitan area from Hamaoka throughout year (9). Crucially,
Shimamura believes Japan has drastically underestimated the power of
earthquakes in their building standards and nuclear plants are
vastly under prepared for the magnitude of large quakes, having
based their projections on now outdated and debunked data. In
essence, it is impossible to build nuclear power plants to withstand
major earthquakes. When the German TV reporters put this question to
the Tepco managers, they admitted that while they are doing all they
can to shore up the unit four building structure (which adds some
comfort), they were basically dumbfounded. Given they are operating
on an outdated paradigm, who can blame them? (Ibid.).
US nuclear expert Robert Alvarez notes that if water drains from the
unit four “pool resulting from another quake [it] could trigger a
catastrophic radiological fire involving about eight times more
radioactive cesium than was released at Chernobyl” (10).
In one of the most informative interviews given by now legendary
nuclear expert, Arnie Gunderson, on June 5, 2011, he described the
situation at unit four:
“[T]here is no reactor running there. Everything has been taken out
and it was put in the spent fuel pool. But that means there is no
containment either, so the entire spent fuel pool is visible
literally. When they have those helicopter fly-overs, you can look
down into this blown out shell of a building and see the fuel in the
spent fuel pool. It's still relatively hot, because it only shut
down in November. So there is still a lot of decay heat in that
pool. Brookhaven National Labs did a study in 1997 and it said that
if a fuel pool went dry and caught on fire, it could cause a hundred
and eighty-seven thousand fatalities...The Chairman of the NRC said
that the reason he told Americans to get out from fifty miles out
was that he was afraid that Unit 4 would catch fire, that exposed
fuel pool would volatilize plutonium, uranium, cesium, and
strontium. And if the Brookhaven Study is to be believed could kill
more than a hundred thousand people, as a result....my advice to
friends [in Tokyo is] that if there is a severe aftershock and the
Unit 4 building collapses, leave. We are well beyond where any
science has ever gone at that point and nuclear fuel lying on the
ground and getting hot is not a condition that anyone has ever
analyzed” (11).
Unfortunately the technology to safely remove the rods has not been
invented. Because of extreme levels of radiation, workers can’t do
the job, so we will first have to invent the robots to save the
humans. The government has begun the process to decommission the
wreckage at Fukushima. “Toshiba, Hitachi GE nuclear energy and
Mitsubishi heavy industries are already supported by the government
to develop the decommissioning technology” but are seeking help from
smaller technology related companies (12). Mr. Koide is worried
because the operation to remove fuel rods will not begin until
December of 2013 (Ibid.).
Gundersen remarked about the difficulty of the situation:
“Unit 4 has me stumped. I think they will be forced to build a
building around the building and then, because you need heavy
lifting cranes – cranes that lift a hundred and fifty tons, which
are massive cranes, to put the nuclear fuel into canisters, which
then can get removed. That is sort of what happened at TMI, but all
of the fuel at TMI was still at the bottom of the vessel. But it was
a three-year process to get the molten fuel out of Three Mile Island
– four years actually. So the problem here is that all of the cranes
that do that have been destroyed, at least on units 1, 3, and 4. And
you can’t do it in the air. It has to be done under water. So my
guess is that they will have to build a building around the building
to provide enough shielding and water, so that they can then go in
and put this fuel into a heavy lift canister” (Ibid.).
The present state of the other reactors is not so rosy either,
recently unit two was found to be Hotter Than Hell and lacking
proper water for cooling the 73 sievert corium glob. Units one and
three are so radioactive there is no way to even assess their
conditions with present monitoring technology. Technical problems
and leakages of highly radioactive water constantly plague the
disaster site (13; 14). The logistical problems described by Naka
and Gunderson are just mind boggling, why isn’t there an all-out
international effort underway to save Japan and the world?
Present Extent of Radiation
Assuming the worst doesn’t happen, the situation is bad enough. We
already know that Japan was lucky because most of the radiation from
the accident blew out to sea (not lucky for whales), but that which
did not has left a cesium blanketed ecosystem throughout the
Northeast and Tokyo regions (15). The amount of radiation released
has constantly been revised upward with estimates of cesium now
reaching as high as 50 percent of Chernobyl. A European researcher
speculates that:
“the accident could easily have had a much more devastating impact
on the people of Tokyo. In the first days after the accident the
wind was blowing out to sea, but on the afternoon of 14 March
it turned back towards shore, bringing clouds of radioactive
caesium-137 over a huge swathe of the country (see 'Radioisotope
reconstruction'). Where precipitation fell, along the country's
central mountain ranges and to the northwest of the plant, higher
levels of radioactivity were later recorded in the soil; thankfully,
the capital and other densely populated areas had dry weather.
‘There was a period when quite a high concentration went over Tokyo,
but it didn't rain,’ says Stohl. ‘It could have been much worse’
” (16).
But acting in typically secretive and arrogant fashion Japan’s
political oligarchs and bureaucrats decided not to tell people about
the radiation dangers:
“The science minister and other top ministry officials decided to
withhold radiation forecast data from the public four days
after the March 11 earthquake...lawmakers serving as top ministry
officials and top bureaucrats made the decision on March 15 to
withhold data about the predicted spread of radioactivity, which
included an assumption that all radioactive material would be
discharged from the crippled plant” (17).
Furthermore, important emails warning of the spread of radiation
were “accidentally” deleted from government computers in order to
cover their own tracks (18). Thanks to the spread of radiation, even
the nastiest of all radio nuclides, plutonium, has been detected 20
- 30 kilometers northwest and south of the nuclear disaster site
(19).
I have conducted random surveys with my own gamma radiation
dosimeter. A normal baseline reading is between .05 microsieverts
per hour (mcs pr hr) up to about .1 mcs pr hr. I assume it is
measuring background gamma radiation fairly accurately because when
I turned it on during an air flight at 30,000 feet it measured 2 mcs
pr hr, which is normal for that altitude. I compared readings a
meter above the ground in the US and Tokyo and they were the same,
roughly .08.
The Japanese Ministry of Science and Technology (MEXT) measures
radioactive fallout and water supplies (20). Airborne radiation is
monitored from one or more building tops in central Tokyo. The chart
for Tokyo and other regions generally reads a very low amount such
as .05 mcs pr hr. However, when I measure from a building many
meters above ground the reading is usually .1 - 1.3 mcs pr hr. I
can’t account for the discrepancy except that different dosimeters
measure different amounts. However, local officials in Tokyo took
measurements at 5 cm above the ground at school yards and found only
.1 mcs pr hr. This is odd because if you put the instrument on the
ground, you sometimes get higher readings. In one park I measured
.08 at 5 cm above but .15 when placed on the ground. At other
locations on soil, sidewalks and gutters I have gotten on the ground
readings ranging from .06 mcs pr hr up to .29. That’s quite a range.
The local authorities did not even measure the school ground soil
for radiation and there was no pressure from parents to look for it.
Perhaps the government does not want to “needlessly” spend money
even if children are playing on radioactive playgrounds. When Arnie
Gunderson took five random soil samples around Tokyo he found them
to be considered “radioactive waste” by US standards (21). Last
year, the Radiation Defense Project published disturbing data of
soil samples from the Tokyo region. Kashiwa City and Eastern Tokyo
showed noticeable amounts of cesium with some extreme cases
exceeding government limits for agriculture of 5,000 bq/kg (22).
The government seems to be slowly improving their monitoring of the
situation. MEXT recently published data showing considerable fallout
of cesium and other nuclides over the Tokyo region. Presumably the
fallout is from dust stirred up in Fukushima and not extensively
from the nuclear site (although it is still emitting radiation). For
example, in January of 2012 the fallout rate was 2 becquerals per sq
meter of deposition on the ground in Tokyo, a total of 20 million
bqs. The “silver lining in the uranium cloud” is that west of Tokyo
there was very little radiation detected and food grown in those
regions can be considered safer (23).
Human Health Impact
The Japanese government’s big lie that the nuclear disaster did “not
pose an immediate health risk” after the reactor explosions should
tell that to the 573 people who have now died because of the
accident (24). Thanks mainly to independent media on the internet
and a few honest newspaper reporters, we now know the full extent of
the damage to the reactors and the spread of radioactivity, even
though the government knew fully well at the time. No wonder “[o]ver
half of Fukushima residents [are] 'greatly worried' ” about their
health due to the accident (25). A recent study by the French
nuclear watchdog, ACRO, found that “[w]hile the radioactive cesium
levels in children in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama were below
detection levels, children in Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Chiba
(Kashiwa City) were found with radioactive cesium in their urine”
(26). ACRO’s website has published many results of tests conducted
for radiation in Japan. As expected, house dust in the northeast has
been found to be “contaminated with high levels” of cesium. In Chiba
high levels of radioactive house dust were also found whereas in
Osaka it was absent (27). In one prominent Tokyo school system it
was found that for every time tested, the school detected low levels
of cesium in the children’s milk supply (28). As people gain greater
awareness of affected food they are avoiding purchasing food from
Fukushima, thereby relegating Japan’s Ukraine, the breadbasket of
the country, to destitution for its farmers (29).
For people worried about ingesting radio nuclides, here is a short
list of detox methods suggested to me by a naturopath and a chemist:
Cesium and radio nuclide detox
Consumable:
kelp
Activated charcoal
French green clay
non oxidated magnesium
Baths
magnesium salt baths
bentonite clay baths
Estimates on the number of deaths to occur due to the Fukushima
nuclear disaster vary from nil, according to the official
apologists, into the millions.
I attended a lecture by Dr. Chris Busby in Tokyo during the summer
of 2011. As an expert on the effects of low level radiation, he
explained his methodology and criticized the nuclear establishment’s
risk model as being inherently flawed for undercounting dangers.
Just after the accident he wrote a paper in which he
estimated:
“[W]ithin 100 km of Fukushima Daiichi, approximately 200,000 excess
cancers will occur within the next 50 years with about half of them
diagnosed in the next 10 years, if the 3.3 million people in the
area remain there for one year. He estimates over 220,000 excess
cancers in the 7.9 million people from 100 to 200 km in the next 50
years, also with about half of them to be diagnosed in the next 10
years” (30).
Given that the paper was written based on the original Japanese
government estimates of radiation--which are now understood to be
much higher--we could double the number from four to eight hundred
thousand premature deaths. If we include areas outside the 200 km
radius the number could go even higher.
I made a simple and very rough calculation of my own based on US
safety guidelines for external radiation for nuclear workers (31).
In my calculations I have tried to err on the side of possibility of
danger rather than downplaying it. For example, if we assume that
one in twenty, not one in a hundred, young girls will get cancer in
the next twenty years in Fukushima due to external gamma radiation,
we can extrapolate that model to other age groups and locations.
According to Wikipedia as of 2010, Fukushima prefecture had a
population of 2,028,752. Assuming that Japan is an aging society and
especially that countryside regions have older populations, I
figured no more than one sixth of that number would be young girls.
If we assume the chances are half as much for boys of the same age,
then one in forty will get cancer. The total would be:
girls = 16,000
boys = 8,000
all adults = 24,000
total = 48,000
I randomly doubled the number for adults considering they would be a
majority of the population though less vulnerable according to
US guidelines. Other prefectures surrounding Fukushima have similar
population levels, until you get to Chiba and Tokyo where there are
many millions. If we use 48,000 for nine prefectures including
Tokyo, the total amounts to 432,000 premature deaths, a number
similar to or lower than other estimates.
However, this model depends on a set amount of radiation and
eventual evacuation from dangerous areas-- yet Fukushima is still
emitting radiation; it does not assess risk from internal radiation
from ingesting contaminated dust or food; or include other diseases
or damage to DNA to future generations.
Another calculation would be to compare with Chernobyl. If we assume
a million died from Chernobyl, but fifty percent of cesium from
Fukushima, with about 20 percent of that landing on the land mass of
Japan, but assume triple population density for Japan, the number
may be around 300,000 deaths in Japan in the next 25 years.
A Culture of Corruption and Denial
By any reckoning, the handling of the nuclear crisis has shown the
international nuclear establishment and the government of Japan to
be unreliable at best and totally dishonest at worst. One of the
latest scandals that puts profits over people is the determination
to send radioactive debris all across Japan to be burned in
incinerators. Instead of containing the problem to the already
affected area, radioactive effluents and fly-ash will be spread to
landfills as far away as Okinawa. The Ex-SKF blogger neatly sums up
the economic reasons why local governments (in disregard to the
wishes of local populations) are in favor of importing the debris:
“The incinerators, if they are state-of-the-art, need more garbage
even to operate, so the disaster debris is god-sent; The
incinerators, if not state-of -the-art, badly need upgrading or even
building new ones (or so they say), and by saying yes to the debris
the municipalities will get the subsidy from the national government
for the upgrade or building new ones” (32).
Back in 2003, Junichi Sato of Greenpeace Japan told me that “[t]he
waste incineration industry has a vested interest in the production
and destruction of waste.” While the government claims that the
latest generation of incinerators being built release safe levels of
effluents (90% reduction in emissions compared to previous
technology), they do not address the issue of dioxin in the highly
toxic fly ash which must be buried in land fills.
“The government is allowing fly waste to be recycled into building
materials. This may prove dangerous to human dwellers living in
close proximity to such toxic materials. Furthermore, this
propagates the illusion of recycling as a solution to the waste
problem....Incineration technology is energy intensive, expensive to
build and operate. Instead of waste incineration, we need to revive
local community involvement in resource consumption decisions
and move toward greater reuse of materials as opposed to short term
recycling or waste production. But the government is promoting waste
production and incineration by having municipalities sign 20 year
contracts with incinerator companies. The contracts specify
that a certain amount of waste must be delivered on an agreed upon
time schedule [which] encourages profligacy.“ (pgs. 125 - 133) (33).
This aspect of the nuclear crisis is rooted in Japan’s “Dokken
Kokka” or “Construction State,” which has relied on pork barrel
spending to build construction projects over the last twenty years
in order to spur the economy. An example of what happens to
politicians who object too strongly is the case of Diet member, Koki
Ishii. Ishii spent ten years investigating Japan’s exploding public
debt which was caused by misuse of tax money and shady government
ties between the construction industry and organized crime. Ishii
ended up being only the second Diet member to be assassinated since
WWII-- murdered by the “Construction State” (34). The links between
universities and organized crime have lead to intimidation of young
social activists questioning destructive social policies as well
(35). This helps explain why the Japanese public has not stood up to
the Nuclear Industry, youth are discouraged from getting involved in
public policy. When I wrote a modest paper on the Fukushima nuclear
crisis for an insignificant, small college journal, the article was
rejected as it was deemed “too sensitive.” (36). This is not
surprising considering the function of institutions of higher
education are to reinforce existing power structures, not to
question established (no matter how fraudulent) practices and social
norms (37). TV mind control (HD3D-TV = High Deafening Triple Dumbing
Talmud Vision) and institutional oppression help may help to explain
why some victims directly affected by the Fukushima disaster still
support nuclear power (38). But many Japanese are standing up to the
Nuclear Bullies. Righteous and angered citizens have questioned
Osaka’s decision to restart reactors in disregard of public opinion
(39).
One of the freshest voices from Japan has been Mr. Mochizuki of the
Fukushima Diary website, who has supplied us with voluminous raw
data translated from Japanese sources into English. In recent essays
Mochizuki emphasized the following important points: there is a
growing sense of helplessness among Japanese who are worried about
radiation but are unable to muster the will to evacuate; the
psychology of unspoken social pressure has much to do with their
unwillingness to face the reality of the Fukushima disaster;
although laudable, civic action in Japan has not impacted energy
policies in a substantive way and this is leading to desperation and
even the potential for violence (40; 41: 42).
People have been programmed from birth to be cogs in the industrial
machine. Japan ran very smoothly for quite some time with remarkable
technological and economic success. But with that system disrupted
the programmed populace has no way to reconfigure, so they just keep
going on, pretending reality does not exist, or that radio nuclides
won’t harm them. The public reeducation process that rare
individuals like Mochizuki is undertaking is very courageous and
noble.
Some scientists have suggested that geothermal energy is the way to
go in volcanic Japan. “In addition to its ample geothermal
resources, Japan has abundant wind, tide and solar resources” (43).
But there is uncertainty over Japan’s economic future as nuclear
reactors are shut down and expensive oil imports are increased. Some
observers are worried that Japan might enter a severe recession
before renewables are able to come up to speed (44).
American commentator Pat Buchanan points to a deeper issue for
Japan, the demographics crisis:
“How did this come about? The means are not in dispute. When
millions of Japanese soldiers returned from their dead empire to
start families, there was a population explosion. Under the U.S.
occupation, Tokyo swiftly legalized abortion, and the nation
embraced birth control. Japan did so before Europe, but Europe
followed. Now all face demographic death, with Japan leading the
way” (45).
In recent months I have taken solace in listening to the lectures of
Matt Johnson of the Orthodox Nationalist (46). His conservative
philosophy of the simple and moral life based on agrarianism is a
breath of fresh air amidst the vapidness of middle class values. The
notion of the bourgeoisie as the “universal instrument of global
destruction” propounded by great minds from past centuries is as
relevant today with the Fukushima disaster, and the many other
environmental armageddon’s that humanity faces, as ever.
~~~
Richard Wilcox's articles are archived at:
and
References
1. Fukushima No. 4 reactor saved by upgrade mishap
2. 14 reactors at 4 sites were affected on 3/11
3. Fukushima Engineer Says He Helped Cover Up Flaw at Dai-Ichi
Reactor No. 4
4. Asahi TV: "Unbelievable" - If Unit 4 pool gets a crack
from quake and leaks, it would be end for Tokyo
5. The Fukushima Lie (German TV)
6. Seismic Monitor Map
7. Earthquake Information
20:07 JST 27 Mar 2012 20:00 JST 27 Mar
2012 Iwate-ken Oki M6.4
8. Japan earthquakes 2011 Visualization map
9. Stop Hamaoka
10. No Nuclear Nirvana
11. Transcript for Exclusive Arnie Gundersen Interview: The
Dangers of Fukushima Are Worse and Longer-lived Than We Think
12. JP Gov has no technology to decommission a nuclear
reactor
13. Japan reactor has fatally high radiation, no water
14. Leak from the Pipe after Reverse Osmosis (Desalination)
Treatment: 120 Tonnes, 80 Liters May Have Flowed into Ocean
15. Japan's Nuclear Disaster: Radiation Still Leaking; Recovery
Years Away?
16. Fallout forensics hike radiation toll
17. Ministry leaders decided to hold nuclear data after Fukushima
crisis
18. Fukushima email leak: 'Deleting data a cover-up'
19. Isotopic evidence of plutonium release into the environment
from the Fukushima DNPP accident
20. MEXT - Tokyo radiation readings
21. Tokyo Soil Samples Would Be Considered Nuclear Waste In The
US
22. Tokyo Metropolitan Soil Testing Results
Chart
23. Reading of environmental radioactivity level by prefecture
(Fallout)(January, 2012)
24. 573 deaths 'related to nuclear crisis'
25. Over half of Fukushima residents 'greatly worried' about
health after nuclear crisis
26. Radioactive Cesium in Urine from Children in Miyagi, Iwate,
Chiba
27. Results of ACRO's monitoring in Japan
28. Cesium measured from every milk used for school lunch in
Tokyo
29. Fukushima Farmers Face Decades of Tainted Crops as Fears
Linger
32. 2 Other Reasons Why Municipalities in Japan Want Disaster
Debris
33. The Ecology of Hope
34. Murakami Ichiro and Ultra-Nationalist Intimidation in
Japan
35. Rumpus on campus
Prestigious university in Tokyo has become a battleground in a
war over freedom of political expression
36. Censorship in Japan: The Fukushima Cover-up
37. When the kitchen's on fire turn off the TV!
THE CRISIS IN EDUCATION
38. The Fallout: Japan's radioactive zone frozen in time
40. Japanese politely giving up their lives
41. Separated Japanese
42. Japanese pushed to the corner to revolt
43. The alternatives seem obvious
44. Japan's economy & global economic crisis
45. Land of the setting sun
46. The Orthodox Nationalist archive, 2009 - present
