August 19, 2012

Were it not for certain nuclear whistle blowers and outside, independent experts, the public would have to rely on the glib and technically inaccessible reports from Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) or the Japanese government. Not that those reports are entirely without substance, but due to the incomprehensible technical jargon most people simply throw up their hands and hope for the best.

Luckily, in this day of the internet we can learn a lot about what is going on thanks to independent researchers and writers. To the extent that mainstream newspapers have covered the issue responsibly, and there has been substantive coverage, web sites like “enenews.com”; “fukushima-diary.com” and “rense.com” have served as information clearinghouses for mainstream news, academic studies and independent sources of journalism about the nuclear crisis in Japan.

Given this wide perspective, it is hard to see how any meaningful progress is being made at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP). This is the conclusion I drew, or anyone with reasonable skills of observation would have drawn, in April of 2011. The Japanese government kept telling us that “everything is under control” and there is “no immediate danger,” all the while, lying through their teeth about the reactor meltdowns.

“Any intelligent layperson who considers the technical aspects of the disaster will be at a loss as to how the plant operators will be able to restore the cooling system, which may be badly damaged, to reactors that themselves may be unrepairable or in various states of melt-down. If the nuclear fuel in the reactors has melted through to the floor, what would be the point of setting up a cooling system to a dysfunctional reactor and a pool of melted fuel? No one in the government clearly answers these questions nor has the international community come forth with a possible solution.” (1).

Credit must be given to the hard work of engineers and makeshift cooling systems were installed, but the state of the reactors is precarious--highly radioactive--and things have not gone smoothly for plant operators, Tepco. As for long term solutions, none are presented. We are supposed to believe that out of this gigantic mess of strewn rubble and constantly leaking pipes and cooling systems, progress is being made. At some level there is: as long as the melted fuel keeps cooling and there are no other major earthquakes, the level of radioactivity will naturally decrease. But this is a hypothetical, best-case scenario.

The fuel pools of Units three or four could collapse in another large earthquake and the highly radioactive fuel rods will not be removed until 2013 at the earliest-- putting the entire world in grave peril every second that ticks by.

Nuclear expert, Arnie Gundersen, recently stated regarding units 1 - 3 that they will “get to the point where they throw some concrete down on the top of it and come back in 300 years.” Gundersen thinks this may not even be cleaned up in “500 years!” (2) This bears repetition:

FUKUSHIMA’S ENVIRONMENT WILL NOT EVEN BE RESTORED IN 500 YEARS

It’s no wonder nuclear watchdogs have created a special rating system for Fukushima-- putting it in a new category, above Chernobyl, as a no. 8 level nuclear disaster. Fukushima is a “[m]ulti-source major nuclear accident requiring international assistance and monitoring” (3).

A Few Quadrillion Becquerals Here, A Few Quadrillion There...

Meanwhile in Tokyo the Japanese government admits that the incineration of radioactive debris shipped from the tsunami disaster zone, from 2011 to 2013, will emit at least 2 billion becquerals of radiation into the air (according to my calculations) (4; 5). Yes, you read that correctly: TWO BILLION. Compared to the FNPP disaster that is not much at all, that number could end up being lower, or even much higher, depending on how much debris is burned, how radioactive it is, whether the equipment malfunctions, and so on. The curious point is that the Japanese government admits they are intentionally emitting radiation into densely populated urban environments. Nominally, this policy is “to help the people in the Northeast” (or more likely to help their buddies in the incineration business). This is sheer insanity, but these are the times we live in, when even Japanese school children are being given pamphlets “full of misleading information and half-truths” about the safety of burning radioactive debris (6).

The government’s heartfelt concern for the inhabitants of the northeast is touching. But after 17 months are there still evacuees living in classrooms partitioned with cardboard (7) and rumors of many people dying from cancer due to radioactive fallout. This has gone unreported in the establishment press (8).

Meanwhile, the situation at the FNPP is still unstable. Tepco has admitted that

“a total of about 10 million becquerals per hour of radioactive cesium was being emitted from the No. 1 to No. 3 reactors as of June. That is about one-80 millionths of the level that was being spewed immediately after the accident” (9).

This is down from a peak of thousands of trillions of becquerals at the time of the reactor explosions (10; 11). Measured as quadrillions or as petabecquerals (10 to the 15th power) (12), the radiation emitted was comparable to Chernobyl, being well over half if not roughly equivalent in volume (13). While the worst Chernobyl had to offer was pretty much over once it had blown its lid, Fukushima could still release vastly greater amounts of harmful radiation due to the nuclear fuel at the site.

The Unimaginably Unimaginable Danger Of Being (Nuked)

Although the government continues to dismiss the idea that the quakes themselves were the main cause of the nuclear meltdowns, while attributing the entire crisis to the “unforeseen” natural phenomenon of the tidal wave, they admit the quake caused “a 3-square-centimeter rupture in the piping of the emergency cooling system for the No. 1 reactor.” In addition, they note “the possibility that tremors from the earthquake created a tiny rupture of 0.3 square centimeter or less, which later grew larger when the reactor temperature and pressure rose and radioactive substances leaked from there” (14).

This is controversial given that independent scientists are not allowed to inspect the facilities and that witnesses saw the Unit 1 building collapsing before the tsunami arrived.

“One worker, a maintenance engineer in his late twenties who was at the Fukushima complex on March 11, recalls hissing and leaking pipes. ‘I personally saw pipes that came apart and I assume that there were many more that had been broken throughout the plant. There’s no doubt that the earthquake did a lot of damage inside the plant,’ he said. ‘There were definitely leaking pipes, but we don’t know which pipes ­ that has to be investigated. I also saw that part of the wall of the turbine building for Unit 1 had come away. That crack might have affected the reactor’ ” (15).

In addition to the accumulation of evidence that the earthquake itself was a primary cause of the meltdowns (16; 17)--something the industry does not want to admit--there are other inherent flaws in the way nuclear power plants are built and operate. Gundersen points out that the service pumps failed because they were flooded by the tidal wave on 311. These pumps send water from the ocean to cool the back up diesel generators (18). Gundersen (at 19:00 mark in audio): “There could have been 14 meltdowns and not three. If you look at the data, there were six units at Fukushima Daiichi [power station no. 1], there are four at Fukushima Daini [station no. 2], three at Onagawa and one at Tokai. The net affect is that there were 37 diesel generators between those plants. 24 of those diesels were knocked out by the tsunami. You need the diesels to cool the plant.” This occurred because at FNPP no. 1 the tsunami flooded the actual diesel generators, but at the other plants the “tsunami knocked out the cooling water to the diesels, something called service water. So, Japan narrowly missed 14 meltdowns and not three because the cooling water to 24 of the 37 diesels was destroyed.”

This bears repetition: JAPAN NARROWLY MISSED 14 NUCLEAR MELTDOWNS

Furthermore, it was sheer luck that there were not eight meltdowns, for another totally different, random, reason: “The plant manager at Fukushima Daini, which is six miles away from Daiichi, is quoted as saying that if the tidal wave happened on a Saturday his four units would have melted down too. He had a thousand people on site because it was a Friday, but if it happened on a weekend there would have been a skeleton crew there. The roads had been destroyed so nobody could have gotten in to help, and we would have had Fukushima Daiichi and Daini in meltdown conditions. What happened was almost unimaginably unimaginable.”

To repeat: had the earthquake happened on a Saturday or Sunday there would have been eight instead of merely three meltdowns-- you can’t make this stuff up, folks.

The FNPP site is fraught with danger, with constant reports of highly toxic water leaking from this pipe or that, or this reactor or that. For example, water in Unit 2 turbine basement was found to have 47 million becquerals per liter (19). These sorts of conditions are common. Many engineers are “highly suspicious” of government assurances that things are going well. For example,

“Takahashi Kei, a former cooling system worker at the plant now working as a radiation survey volunteer, said the utility company’s executives are portraying the situation in the best possible light. ‘There are leaks everywhere, wreckage too. It’s not as simple as they portray,’ he said.”

Japanese nuclear expert, Hiroaki Koide, recently said that “The state of the reactors is still deteriorating” (20). Let’s repeat that for the audience at home:

THE STATE OF THE REACTORS IS STILL DETERIORATING.

This hardly sounds like a successful “cold shutdown” and tends to support Gundersen’s idea that the units 1 - 3 will have to be entombed in concrete (if not with Japanese parliament member’s tempura, leftover from their extravagant taxpayer funded banquets). Recently there is talk from engineers who have intimate knowledge of the FNPP situation, and even from the government, that Japan needs to recruit help from the international community of scientists and engineers (21; 22; 23). Hey! Good idea, let’s hope they don’t wait too long. After all, this disaster is not only Japan’s fault, but an international issue from start to finish.

The lesson yet to be learned is that nuclear power is inherently dangerous and that the consequences for humanity and the environment continue to be “unimaginably, unimaginable” in their size.

Richard Wilcox has a Ph.D. in Environmental Studies from a social science, holistic perspective. He teaches at a number of universities in the Tokyo, Japan area. His articles on the Fukushima nuclear disaster have been published at Counterpunch, Global Research, Dissident Voice, Activist Post, Zen-Haven, and Rense.com. His most recent interview with Jeff Rense is available at the website <http://www.rense.com>www.rense.com. Many of his environmental articles are archived at:
<http://environmentalarmageddon.wordpress.com/?s=Richard+Wilcox>http://environmentalarmageddon.wordpress.com/?s=Richard+Wilcox

References

1. Testimony from Japan: Evolving Coverup of a Nuclear Disaster
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=24302

2. Arnold Gundersen with the latest on Fukushima, including the perilous worldwide consequences if reactor no. 4 collapses
http://ifyoulovethisplanet.org/?p=6282

3. Nuclear incident scales
http://www.coasttocoastam.com/pages/portzline-images

4. My Opinion on Radioactive Disaster Waste
http://www.cnic.jp/english/newsletter/nit147/nit147articles/disasterwaste.html

5. Radiation in Japan: Tokyo Will Burn Miyagi's Disaster (and Radioactive) Debris
http://ex-skf.blogspot.jp/2011/11/radiation-in-japan-tokyo-will-burn.html

6. Radioactive Disaster Debris: Kitakyushu City Educates Kids How Safe It Is to Burn the Debris
http://ex-skf.blogspot.jp/2012/07/radioactive-disaster-debris-kitakyushu.html

7. Over 200 Evacuees from Futaba-machi Still Live in Classrooms
http://ex-skf.blogspot.jp/2012/08/radioactive-japan-over-200-evacuees.html

8.`We receive tons of frightening information'
http://dissensus-japan.blogspot.jp/2012/08/local-newspaper-we-receive-tons-of.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/dissensus-japan+(DISSENSUS+JAPAN)&utm_content=Google+Reader

9. After 500 days, Fukushima No. 1 plant still not out of the woods
http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201207240087

10. Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/03/26/1120794109.full.pdf+html?with-ds=yes

11. Scientists: Far more cesium released than previously believed
http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201202290025

12. Becqueral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel

13. Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/chernobyl/c02.html

14. GOVERNMENT PROBE: Reactor cooling botched at Fukushima No. 1, but not No. 2 plant
http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/analysis/AJ201207240096

15. Meltdown: What Really Happened at Fukushima?
http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/meltdown-what-really-happened-fukushima/39541/

16. Report on Nuclear Disaster Holds Key to Reactors' Fate
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304441404577482113658775518.html

17. July 6, 2012, Pacifica Radio Host Ian Masters and Fairewinds' Arnie Gundersen: Lessons Not Learned From Fukushima Daiichi
http://www.fairewinds.com/radio

18. SolarlMG podcast with Arnie Gunderson- Aug 10/2012
http://solarimg.org/?p=3021

19. Unit 2 water 10 times more radioactive than Unit 1
http://enenews.com/unit-2-water-10-times-more-radioactive-than-unit-1-47000000-becquerels-per-liter-in-turbine-room-basement

20. In Japan, a nuclear ghost town stirs to life
http://openchannel.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/07/26/12839675-in-japan-a-nuclear-ghost-town-stirs-to-life?lite

21. Retired Fukushima engineers to seek U.S. assistance
http://fukushima-diary.com/2012/07/yomiuri-retired-fukushima-engineers-to-seek-u-s-assistance/

22. Fukushima Chief Yoshida on Video: We must bring foreign experts in to help
http://enenews.com/fukushima-chief-yoshida-we-must-bring-in-foreign-experts-to-help-reactors-not-stabilized

23. Japanese government strengthening international cooperation in nuclear decommissioning and decontamination
http://www.shimbun.denki.or.jp/en/news/20120731_01.html