- Sometime in late 1980, then-Col. Paul E. Vallely, the
Commander of the 7th Psychological Operations Group, United States Army
Reserve, Presidio of San Francisco, Ca., co-authored a discussion paper,
which received wide and controversial attention within the U.S. military,
particularly within the Special Operations community. The paper was titled
"From PSYOP to MindWar: The Psychology of Victory," and it presented
a Nietzschean scheme for waging perpetual psychological warfare against
friend and enemy populations alike, and even against the American people.
-
- The "MindWar" paper was provoked by an article
by Lt. Col. John Alexander, which appeared in the December 1980 edition
of Military Review, advocating the introduction of ESP (extra-sensory perception),
"tele-pathetic behavior modification," para-psychology, psychokinesis
("mind over matter"), remote viewing, out of body experiences,
and other New Age and occult practices into U.S. military intelligence.
Alexander's paper was titled
- "The New Mental Battlefield: Beam Me Up, Spock."
-
- But the subsequent paper co-authored by Vallely went
way beyond ESP and the other paranormal techniques advocated by Alexander:
"Strategic MindWar must begin the moment war is considered to be inevitable,"
the document stated. "It must seek out the attention of the enemy
nation through every available medium, and it must strike at the nation's
potential soldiers before they put on their uniforms. It is in their homes
and their communities that they are most vulnerable to MindWar....
-
- "To this end," Vallely and co-author continued,
"MindWar must be strategic in emphasis, with tactical applications
playing a reinforcing, supplementary role. In its strategic context, MindWar
must reach out to friends, enemies, and neutrals alike across the globe-neither
through primitive 'battlefield' leaflets and loudspeakers of PSYOP nor
through the weak, imprecise, and narrow effort of psychotronics-but through
the media possessed by the United States which have the capabilities to
reach virtually all people on the face of the Earth. These media are, of
course the electronic media-television and radio. State of the art developments
in satellite communication, video recording techniques, and laser and optical
transmission of broadcasts make possible a penetration of the minds of
the world such as would have been inconceivable just a few years ago.
-
- Like the sword Excalibur [King Arthur's magical sword-ed.],
we have but to reach out and seize this tool; and it can transform the
world for us if we have the courage and the integrity to enhance civilization
with it. If we do not accept Excalibur, then we relinquish our ability
to inspire foreign cultures with our morality. If they can then desire
moralities unsatisfactory to us, we have no choice but to fight them on
a more brutish level.
-
- "MindWar must target all participants to be effective.
It must not only weaken the enemy; it must strengthen the United States.
It strengthens the United States by denying enemy propaganda access to
our people, and by explaining and emphasizing to our people the rationale
for our national interest in a specific war."
-
- Leaving nothing to the imagination, the document concluded
by emphasizing that MindWar should employ subliminal brainwashing technologies,
and weapons that directly attack the targetted population's central nervous
system and brain functioning: "There are some purely natural conditions
under which minds may become more or less receptive to ideas, and MindWar
should take full advantage of such phenomena as atmospheric electromagnetic
activity, air ionization, and extremely low frequency waves," the
paper concluded.
-
- The "MindWar" paper was disturbing, for reasons
beyond its fascistic and occultist content. For one thing, Colonel Vallely's
co-author was a PSYOP Research & Analysis Team Leader named Maj. Michael
A. Aquino. Five years before the circulation of the MindWar paper, Special
Forces Reserve officer Aquino had founded the Temple of Set, a Satanic
organization which was the successor to Anton Szandor LeVay's Church of
Satan. Aquino would soon be grabbing headlines, which persisted throughout
the 1980s, as a leading suspect in a nationwide Satanic pedophile ring,
that particularly targetted daycare centers on such military bases as Fort
Bragg and the Presidio (see article, p. 21).
-
- Furthermore, Vallely and Aquino's MindWar scheme is remarkably
similar to the Total Information Awareness (TIA) program launched by the
Donald Rumsfeld Pentagon, under the direction of Irangate figure Adm. John
Poindexter. Ostensibly, the Total Information Awareness global propaganda
and mega-data-mining plan was scrapped after a series of negative news
stories, but Pentagon sources have reported that the program was merely
"taken into a black box."
-
- Indeed, on Aug. 16, 2005, The New York Times' Philip
Shenon revealed that a super-secret Pentagon "special action program"
called Able Danger had tracked Mohammed Atta and three of the other Sept.
11, 2001 hijackers a year prior to the attacks; but Pentagon lawyers with
the Special Operations Command refused to allow the information to be shared
with the FBI, for fear of exposing the data-mining program to any public
scrutiny.
-
- The Times learned of Able Danger from Lt. Col. Anthony
Schaffer, who was the program's liaison to the Defense Intelligence Agency
at the time.
-
- 'Nuke Iran!'
-
- Colonel Vallely's association with Aquino did little
to stall the former's military career advancement. A West Point graduate,
Vallely retired in 1991 as deputy commanding general of the U.S. Army of
the Pacific. From 1982-86, he headed the 351st Civil Affairs Command, placing
him in charge of all Special Forces, Psychological Warfare, and Civil Affairs
Military units in the Western United States and Hawaii.
-
- Today, he is practicing what he and Satanist Aquino preached
in the MindWar paper, and is one of the leading propaganda assets in Vice
President Dick Cheney's push for military confrontation with Iran-one that
could see the United States carry out the first pre-emptive nuclear attack
in history.
-
- General Vallely, now retired from the military, is a
senior military commentator for Rupert Murdoch's shrill Fox TV News; is
a "client" of Benador Associates, the premier public relations
firm for the neo-conservative cabal in Washington; is the Military Committee
chairman for Frank Gaffney's neo-conned Center for Strategic Policy; and
is the co-founder, along with Gen. Thomas McInerney (USAF-ret.), another
Benador client, of the Iran Policy Committee. IPC is yet another neo-con
front group that: 1) promotes the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MEK), a group on
the State Department's list of International Terrorist Organizations (for
assassinating a number of U.S. military officers in Iran); and 2) demands
U.S. military action to impose "regime change" 1n Tehran, through
such measures as a massive bombing campaign against Iran's purported secret
nuclear weapons labs, and a U.S. Naval blockade of the Straits of Hormuz.
Recently General Vallely co-authored a book with General McInerney, titled
Endgame-Blueprint for Victory for Winning the War on Terror, which borrows,
philosophically, from his and Aquino's original MindWar rant (see interview
with Vallely on p. 13).
-
- The 'Jedi Warriors'
-
- General Vallely, Colonel Alexander, and Lt. Colonel Aquino
(ret.) are but three leading figures within the Special Operations community,
who have promoted the application of New Age and outright Satanic practices
to the art of war, conducting experimental programs aimed at creating a
Nietzschean "Übermensch warrior."
-
- In preparation for this article, EIR has interviewed
a number of senior retired military and intelligence officers, who have
identified, from their own personal experiences, a number of other leading
military officers who promoted these efforts and funnelled massive amounts
of Pentagon money into "black programs," testing the military
applications of a whole range of bizarre "non-lethal" techniques
and technologies. Some of the top-secret programs funded by taxpayer dollars
over the past 25 years betray a significant degree of outright "spoon-bending"
lunacy. Others lead directly to the doorsteps of Guantanamo Bay and Abu
Ghraib military detention centers, where prisoners have been turned into
human guinea pigs for experimental torture techniques, drawn from the same
New Age bag of tricks.
-
- And The New Yorker magazine investigative journalist
Seymour Hersh, in a Jan. 24-31, 2005 article on "The Coming Wars,"
mooted that the Special Forces "black programs" may now have
ventured into the field of "pseudo-gang warfare," in which counterinsurgency
methods blur with insurgency.
-
- Quoting from a September 2003 San Francisco Chronicle
article by Naval Postgraduate School defense analyst and Pentagon counterinsurgency
advisor John Arquilla, Hersh hinted that U.S. Special Forces units were
being unleashed to create their own terrorist "pseudo gangs"
to more easily infiltrate terrorist groups like al-Qaeda. Arquilla wrote:
"When conventional military operations and bombing failed to defeat
the Mau Mau insurgency in Kenya in the 1950s, the British formed teams
of friendly Kikuyu tribesmen who went about pretending to be terrorists.
These 'pseudo gangs,' as they were called, swiftly threw the Mau Mau on
the defensive, either by befriending and then ambushing bands of fighters
or by guiding bombers to the terrorists' camps. What worked in Kenya a
half-century ago has a wonderful chance of undermining trust and recruitment
among today's terror networks. Forming new pseudo gangs should not be difficult."
-
- Arquilla added, for good measure: "If a confused
young man from Marin County can join up with al-Qaeda [a reference to John
Walker Lindh, the so-called American Talibani-ed.], think what professional
operatives might do."
-
- The 'Gang of Four'
-
- Four of the names most often cited as promoters of programs
like the "Goat Lab," the "Jedi Warriors," "Grill
Flame," "Task Force Delta," and the "First Earth Battalion,"
have held top posts within the military intelligence and Special Operations
commands:
-
- Gen. Albert Stubblebine III was the head of U.S. Army
Intelligence, INSCOM (Intelligence and Security Command), from 1981-84,
during which time he launched a series of secret projects at Fort Meade,
Md., involving remote viewing and other occult practices. General Stubblebine
was, perhaps, the U.S. Army's most senior and loudest advocate of the full
gamut of New Age warfare.
-
- Gen. Peter Schoomaker, the current U.S. Army Chief of
Staff, was Commanding General of the Joint Special Operations Command (1994-96),
Commander of the United States Army Special Operations Command (1996-97),
and Commander in Chief of the United States Special Operations Command
(1997-2000). According to a well-researched book exposing the New Age penetration
of the U.S. military, The Men Who Stare at Goats, by Jon Ronson (Simon
& Schuster, New York, 2004), General Schoomaker has created a think-tank,
under the sponsorship of the SOC office, to expand the application of these
bizarre occult and para-normal operations throughout the U.S. Army, as
his contribution to President George W. Bush's Global War on Terrorism
(GWOT).
-
- Gen. Wayne Downing also was the Commander-in-Chief of
the U.S. Special Operations Command, and earlier directed all special operations
during the December 1989 invasion of Panama, when some of the MindWar techniques
were used, during the siege of the Vatican compound where Gen. Manuel Noriega
had taken refuge. Following the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, Downing was
named National Director and Deputy National Security Advisor for Combatting
Terrorism in the Bush-Cheney White House, a post he held until June 2002.
-
- According to military sources, General Downing left the
White House as the result of a conflict with the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
over plans for the invasion of Iraq. Downing had argued that Saddam Hussein
could be overthrown by a massive "shock and awe" bombing campaign,
followed by an invasion by a force of no more than 25,000 Special Forces
troops. The "Downing Plan" was rejected by the Chiefs as "sheer
madness," according to one senior military source familiar with the
events.
-
- Gen. William "Jerry" Boykin was the Commanding
General of the U.S. Army Special Operations Command (Airborne) at Fort
Bragg, N.C., from 1998-2000. Prior to that, he was the Commander of the
elite counter-terror unit, Delta Force, from 1992-95. He was, in that capacity,
in charge of the Special Forces units in Mogadishu, Somalia, during the
famous 1993 "Black Hawk Down" incident, in which a number of
Special Forces soldiers were beaten to death by warlords, and dragged through
the streets of the city.
-
- Here, some of Lt. Col. John Alexander's non-lethal systems,
including "Sticky Foam," were directly put to the combat test-and
failed. From March 2000 until June 2003, General Boykin headed the U.S.
Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center. He was then named Deputy Undersecretary
of Defense for Intelligence, a post he still holds. According to The New
Yorker piece by Hersh, Boykin and his immediate boss, Undersecretary of
Defense for Intelligence Stephen Cambone, are directly in charge of the
Special Operations search-and-kill squads touted by John Arquilla in his
pseudo-gang promo.
-
- Shortly after his appointment to the Deputy Undersecretary
position, General Boykin drew fire, for remarks he delivered-in uniform-at
a fundamentalist Christian church, in which he smeared Islam as a "Satanic"
religion, and characterized the U.S. invasion of Iraq as a religious "crusade."
He also said that "God had placed George W. Bush" into the Presidency,
provoking serious debates about his own sanity and a Pentagon Inspector
General's Office probe.
-
- First Earth Battalion-Where It All Began
-
- According to author Jon Ronson, in 1977, Lt. Col. Jim
Channon, a Vietnam War combat veteran, wrote a letter to Lt. Gen. Walter
Kerwin, then the U.S. Army Deputy Chief of Staff, proposing a fact-finding
mission to unearth ways for the U.S. military to become more "cunning."
Channon was given an open-ended assignment, a small Pentagon budget, and
spent the next two years, by his own accounts, exploring the depths of
the New Age movement, seeking military applications. Channon visited over
150 New Age facilities during his travels, with such countercultural names
as: Gentle Wind, Integral Chuan Institute, Dayspring, Inc., The Center
of Release and Integration, Postural Integration Reichian Rebirthing, the
New Age Awareness Fair, Beyond Jogging, Aikido with Ki, the Biofeedback
Center of Berkeley, and the Esalen Institute.
-
- Channon particularly spent a good deal of time training
under Michael Murphy, the co-founder of Esalen, which was the leading West
Coast New Age psychological experimentation center, testing a wide array
of mind-control methods, many involving the use of psychotropic drugs.
Cultist mass murderer Charles Manson spent Aug. 5, 1969 at Esalen, just
four days before he unleashed the "Helter Skelter" murder spree,
for which he is still serving a lifetime jail sentence. Manson had been
tracked, from his years in state prison, by military psychologists, who
were studying behavioral patterns of what they dubbed the "pathologically
violent five percent."
-
- In 1979, Lt. Colonel Channon presented his findings to
the Army brass in a 125-page document, complete with slides, called "The
First Earth Battalion." While the document was laced with New Age
vocabulary ("The First Earth is not mission oriented, it is potential
oriented. That means we shall continue to look everywhere to find non-destructive
methods of control."), Channon did propose an array of non-lethal
techniques that would be soon adopted by the military, including the use
of atonal noises as a form of combat psychological warfare, oriental martial
arts and spiritualist instruction, and widespread experimentation with
psychoelectronics and other means of debilitating enemy forces.
-
- Channon's First Earth Battalion slide show was brought
to General Stubblebine, the head of INSCOM, by Colonel Alexander, the author
of the Military Review article on "The New Mental Battlefield,"
and, by 1981, Stubblebine established a secret "psychic spies unit"
at Fort Meade, to test out such dubious techniques as remote viewing.
-
- Two years later, General Stubblebine traveled to Fort
Bragg, to pitch the Channon/Alexander program to the top leadership of
the Special Operations community. By now, Stubblebine was convinced that,
with the application of the right "mind over matter" techniques,
he could personally walk through walls. As of this writing, he has not
yet apparently succeeded. The Fort Bragg session, as he would later recount
it to author Ronson, was a fiasco, and no action was taken to implement
his program-or so Stubblebine thought.
-
- In reality, Fort Bragg, by 1978, was already a hotbed
of mind-war experimentation. Among the programs carried out at remote corners
of the sprawling special operations base: the Goat Lab, where a team of
New Age-trained Special Forces soldiers attempted to burst the hearts of
goats, in an adjacent holding pen, through the power of psychic concentration.
Veterinarians working on the base were horrified that Special Forces planes
were airlifting goats up from Central America, without going through the
normal Customs inspections. The goats were used in the training of combat
medics. The goats would be shot, their limbs would be amputated, and, on
some occasions, they were "de-bleated" by having their tongues
cut out or their throats slashed. Then, they were subjected to the Goat
Lab psychic warfare tests.
-
- Keying off of Channon's blueprint, a Special Operations
experimental team, dubbed "Jedi Warriors," after the Star Wars
craze, were trained in a wide array of Eastern oriental martial arts and
meditation techniques, combined with super-strenuous physical training
programs. Outside "experts" like Dr. Jim Hardt, were brought
in to train the "Jedi Warriors" to heighten their mental telepathy
skills through Zen. Following Jim Channon's First Earth Battalion recipe,
Stuart Heller, a New Age psychologist, who gave classes in stress control
to corporate executives and officials at NASA, was brought in to provide
similar schooling to the commandos. Channon had been introduced to Heller
by Marilyn Ferguson, the author of the 1980 book The Aquarian Conspiracy,
which peddled a New Age version of H.G. Wells' original Open Conspiracy
concept of mass social control and cultural paradigm-shifts.
-
- Not all the instructors of the "Jedi Warriors"
were counterculture psychologists. Michael Echanis, a Green Beret who was
badly wounded in Vietnam, but later developed advanced martial art skills,
was brought in to train the "Jedi" in Hwa Rang Do, a combat technique
that emphasized "invisibility." Echanis would be killed in 1978
in Nicaragua, while working as a mercenary for the regime of Anastasio
Somoza. He had been the martial arts editor of Soldier of Fortune magazine,
a well-known hiring hall for ex-soldiers and wanna-be's, seeking their
fortunes as mercenaries.
-
- By 1983, between the INSCOM program and the black box
efforts at Fort Bragg, a fairly extensive network of military "spoon-benders"
had been assembled, to the point that Task Force Delta was created, to
stage quarterly meetings of as many as 300 military occult practitioners,
at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Col. Frank Burns launched Meta Network, one
of the first "chat rooms" run through DARPA's (Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency) computer networking system, that would ultimately
evolve into the internet.
- The scheme to create a breed of Nietzschean "super
soldiers" employed some very far-out characters, like the Israeli
"spoon-bender" Uri Geller, a one-time stage magician, who was
brought into the U.S. intelligence community under the original patronage
of Dr. Andrija Puharich, a doctor who had been conducting work on parapsychology
and telepathy for the U.S. Army's Psychological Warfare Division, since
the 1950s. Dr. Puharich ran the Round Table Foundation of Electrobiology,
which experimented with the manipulation of brain waves. He worked closely
with Warren S. McCulloch, one of the founders of Cybernetics, and with
the British intelligence counterculture guru, Aldous Huxley.
-
- Wolfowitz Peddles Non-Lethal Warfare
-
- According to author Ronson, in an October 2001 interview
in London, Uri Geller confided to him that he had been "called back"
to work for the U.S. government, immediately after the Sept. 11 attacks.
It seems that the Bush Administration decided that the "psychic spies"
could play a productive role in the hunt for Osama bin Laden, and in efforts
to prevent a replay of the terror attacks on New York and Washington.
-
- In fact, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz had
been a big advocate of some of Alexander and Channon's ideas, while serving
as the chief policy advisor to then-Defense Secretary Dick Cheney in the
George Herbert Walker Bush Pentagon. On March 10, 1991, Wolfowitz wrote
a memo to Cheney, "Do We Need a Non-Lethal Defense Initiative?"
in which he wrote, "A U.S. lead in non-lethal technologies will increase
our options and reinforce our position in the post-Cold War world."
While Wolfowitz apparently made no mention of the more bizarre practices
promoted by Colonel Alexander, the guru of the non-lethal weaponry campaign,
at the time of Wolfowitz's memo, Alexander had retired from active duty,
and had been named head of the Non-Lethal Weapons Program at Los Alamos
National Laboratory.
-
- In 1990, Colonel Alexander had also come out with a book,
The Warrior's Edge, in which he promoted a variety of unconventional methods
to promote "human excellence and optimum performance" among soldiers,
based on a course he taught in 1983 called Neuro-Linguistic Programming
(NLP). Among the students in that course were then-Senator and later Vice
President Albert Gore, Gen. Max Thurman, and General Stubblebine. By his
own accounts, Alexander and Gore became close friends in 1983, and remain
so today.
-
- Colonel Alexander wrote that the goal of The Warrior's
Edge was to "unlock the door to the extraordinary human potentials
inherent in each of us. To do this, we, like governments around the world,
must take a fresh look at non-traditional methods of affecting reality.
We must raise human consciousness of the potential power of the individual
body/mind system-the power to manipulate reality. We must be willing to
retake control of our past, present, and ultimately, our future."
-
- Uri Geller was not the only "psychic warrior"
called back to government service after 9/11. Jim Channon, the original
First Earth Battalion New Age super-soldier, according to author Ronson,
began holding a series of meetings in early 2004 with the new Army Chief
of Staff, Gen. Pete Schoomaker. Schoomaker had been commander of Special
Forces at Fort Bragg when the "Goat Lab" and "Jedi Warrior"
programs were under way. Ronson wrote that "The rumor was that General
Schoomaker was considering bringing Jim back from retirement to create,
or contribute to, a new and secret think-tank, designed to encourage the
army to take their minds further and further outside the mainstream."
Ronson described it as a revival of Task Force Delta. Ronson soon received
an e-mail from Channon, confirming the rumor, and explaining that the think-tank
idea had been floated "because Rumsfeld has now openly asked for creative
input on the war on terrorism ... mmmm." Channon elaborated:
-
- "The Army has requested my services to teach the
most highly selected Majors. The First Earth Battalion is the teaching
exemplar of choice. I have done that in the presence of General Pete Schoomaker....
I am in contact with players who are or have recently been in Afghanistan
and Iraq. I have sent in exit strategy plans based on Earth Battalion ideas.
I talk weekly with a member of a stress control battalion in Iraq who carries
the manual and uses it to inform his teammates of their potential service
contributions...."
-
- Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib ... and al-Qa-im
-
- The International Committee of the Red Cross has published
a series of studies and sponsored several international conventions, to
evaluate just how "non-lethal" the non-lethal technologies are
that have been promoted by Alexander, Channon, and their ilk. According
to a 1998 ICRC presentation before the European Parliament, non-lethal
weapons are simply defined as weapons with a less-than 25% fatality rate.
-
- Such now widely used non-lethal weapons as lasers, extremely
low frequency (ELF) weapons, and various chemical, biological, and audio
stun weapons, can cause permanent damage, such as blindness, deafness,
and destruction of gastrointestinal systems, which, the ICRC insists, require
serious study and a new set of international treaties and conventions.
-
- Indeed, according to both Ronson and The New Yorker writer
Jane Mayer, many of the torture techniques employed at Guantanamo Bay,
at Abu Ghraib, and at such less-well-known locales as al-Qa-im near the
Syrian border in Iraq, are based on Channon and Alexander's non-lethal
schemes, but with lethal consequences in some cases.
-
- Ronson confirmed that a facility at al-Qa-im was conducting
"interrogations" of captured Iraqi insurgents, after playing,
non-stop, for days at a time, the theme song from Barney the Purple Dinosaur,
"I Love You." Ronson is convinced that the music was a cover
for subliminal frequencies, very high- or very low-frequency sounds that
affect brain functioning, to break prisoners' resistance. The prisoners
were kept in metal shipping containers in the scorching sun, blindfolded
and in crouching positions, surrounded by barbed wire, with the music (and
subliminals) blaring.
-
- In an article published in the July 11-18, 2005 issue
of The New Yorker, Mayer revealed that Special Forces psychologists from
the Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) program at the JFK
Special Warfare School at Fort Bragg had been brought to Guantanamo Bay,
to oversee interrogation strategies. The SERE psychologists formed a core
of the Behavioral Science Consultation Teams (BSCT, or "Biscuits")
that "reverse engineered" the techniques that were used on Special
Forces soldiers, to train them to survive enemy torture/interrogations,
as part of the advanced special warfare program at Fort Bragg.
- Jim Channon confirmed, in another e-mail exchange with
author Ronson, that many of the ideas adopted by the Army Intelligence
interrogators at Guantanamo, Abu Ghraib and al-Qa-im came right out of
his First Earth Battalion blueprint.
-
- 'Living Embodiment' of First Earth Battalion
-
- At one point in his probe of the military's spoon-benders,
author Jon Ronson asked Stuart Heller, the friend of Marilyn Ferguson and
Jim Channon, if he could name one soldier who was "the living embodiment"
of the First Earth Battalion. Without a second thought, Heller replied:
"Bert Rodriguez." "Bert's one of the most spiritual guys
I've ever met," Heller told Ronson. "No. Spiritual is the wrong
word. He's occultic. He's like a walking embodiment of death. He can stop
you at a distance. He can influence physical events just with his mind.
If he catches your attention he can stop you without touching you."
-
- As Jon Ronson reported, "In April 2001, Bert Rodriguez
took on a new student. His name was Ziad Jarrah. Ziad just turned up at
the US 1 Fitness Center one day and said he had heard that Bert was good.
Why Ziad chose Bert, of all the martial arts instructors scattered around
the Florida shoreline, is a matter of speculation. Maybe Bert's uniquely
occultic reputation preceded him, or perhaps it was Bert's military connections.
Plus, Bert had once taught the head of security for a Saudi prince. Maybe
that was it."
-
- Ziad Jarrah presented himself as a Lebanese businessman,
who traveled a great deal and wanted to protect himself. "I liked
Ziad a lot," Rodriguez later told Ronson. "He was very humble,
very quiet. He was in good shape. Very diligent." Rodriguez taught
Jarrah "the choke hold and the kamikaze spirit. You need a code you'd
die for, a do-or-die desire." Rodriguez added, "Ziad was like
Luke Skywalker. You know when Luke walks the invisible path? You have to
believe it's there. And if you do believe it it is there. Yeah, Ziad believed
it. He was like Luke Skywalker."
-
- Rodriguez trained Ziad Jarrah for six months, and gave
him copies of several knife-fighting books he had written. Jarrah shared
them with a friend, Marwan al-Shehhi, who boarded with him at the Panther
Motel and Apartments in Deerfield Beach, Fla.
-
- On Sept. 11, 2001, Ziad Jarrah took control of United
Airlines flight 93, and crashed it in a field in Pennsylvania. Marwan al-Shehhi
commandeered United Airlines flight 175 and crashed it into the South Tower
of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan.
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