- So ingrained has the Six Million figure become in the
popular consciousness that while the average American may be quite sure
that six million Jews were slaughtered by the Germans in the Second World
War -- that is, in what is now called "the Holocaust" -- he has
no idea of how many British, Poles, Russians, or even Americans died during
that global conflict, or, for that matter, of how many of his fellow countrymen
lost their lives in the American Civil War.
-
- This is hardly surprising, considering how relentlessly
the Six Million figure is hammered into the public consciousness, not only
in newspapers, magazines, motion pictures, and television, but also routinely
in our schools, and even by a special taxpayer-funded U.S. federal government
agency, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, which runs the imposing U.S.
Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC.
-
- The familiar World Book Encyclopedia tells readers, for
example: "By the end of 1945, the Nazis had slaughtered more than
6 million Jewish men, women and children -- over two-thirds of the Jews
in Europe." [See note] German president Richard von Weizsäcker,
in his much cited commemorative speech of May 8, 1985, spoke of "the
six million Jews who were murdered in German concentration camps."
Anglo-Jewish historian Martin Gilbert, a prolific writer who is also the
"official" biographer of Winston Churchill, has referred to "the
systematic murder of six million Jews." [See note] The Encyclopaedia
Judaica states flatly:
-
-
- "There can be no doubt as to the estimated figure
of some six million victims." [See note] An information sheet issued
by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council describes the grand Holocaust Museum
in Washington, DC, as a "living memorial to the six million Jews and
millions of other victims of Nazi fanaticism who perished in the Holocaust."
-
-
- Just what is the basis for this familiar figure?
-
- Even before the end of the Second World War in Europe,
that is, before any careful or detailed investigation was possible, the
Six Million figure was already in wide circulation. For example, in essays
published in late 1944 and early 1945, the prominent Soviet-Jewish writer
Ilya Ehrenburg repeatedly told his many readers that "the Germans"
had killed six million Jews. In an article published in March 1945, for
instance, in the English-language London weekly, Soviet War News, he wrote:
"The world now knows that Germany has killed six million Jews."
[See note]
-
- Some weeks later, as David Irving has related, this figure
was affirmed in New York by representatives of major Jewish organizations:
[See note]
-
-
- "In June 1945, just a few weeks after the end of
the war in Europe, three Jewish lawyers who represented major Jewish organizations,
met in New York with Robert Jackson, who would soon be serving as the chief
U.S. prosecutor at the so-called "International Military Tribunal"
in Nuremberg. Jackson asked how many Jews had lost their lives in all Nazi-occupied
lands. The number, he was told, was six million."
-
-
- By remarkable coincidence, some twenty-five years earlier
the American Jewish community had been warning of a "holocaust"
of six million Jews in Europe. In an address published in 1919 in a leading
Jewish American paper, the American Hebrew of New York City, under the
headline "The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!," the former governor
of New York state, Martin Glynn, spoke repeatedly of "six million"
European Jews who were "dying" and "being whirled toward
the grave" in a "threatened holocaust of human life." [See
note]
-
- Given all this, it is hardly surprising that someone
was found to provide "proof" for the Six Million figure at the
most extravagant judicial undertaking in history, the 1945-46 trial in
Nuremberg of Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess, and other high-ranking Third
Reich personalities. The legendary figure was fixed in history at the International
Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, where it was cited by chief British prosecutor
Sir Hartley Shawcross in his closing address, and by the Allied judges
in their final judgment. [See note]
-
- This figure was not the result of any careful investigation,
research, or calculation. The only specific evidence presented for it to
the Nuremberg Tribunal was the hearsay testimony of former SS officer Wilhelm
Höttl (sometimes spelled Hoettl), who said that he recalled it from
a remark by Adolf Eichmann, the wartime head of the Jewish affairs section
of Himmler's Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). Höttl, who also served
with the RSHA during the war, stated in an affidavit dated November 26,
1945, and provided to the U.S. prosecution at Nuremberg, that Eichmann
confided to him in August 1944 that some four million Jews had been killed
in the "various extermination camps," and another two million
had been killed in other ways, mostly in shootings by Einsatzgruppen forces
in the course of the military campaign in Russia. [See note]
-
- Eichmann himself, it should be noted, later called the
Höttl story "nonsense," vigorously denied ever having made
the alleged remark, and speculated that Höttl may have picked up the
figure from a radio or newspaper report. [See note]
-
- If it were not for Wilhelm Höttl's role in branding
into the world's consciousness the trademark Six Million figure, his place
in history would likely be little more than a footnote.
-
- Who was this man, and how reliable is his historic affidavit?
-
- He was born in Vienna in March 1915. In 1938, at the
remarkably young age of twenty-three, he received a doctorate in history
from the University of Vienna. While still a student there, he joined the
National Socialist party and the SS. From 1939 until the end of the war
in Europe, Höttl was employed almost without interruption by Germany's
central intelligence agency, the RSHA. He was first stationed in Vienna
with the "foreign bureau" (Amt Ausland, later Amt VI), and then,
from early 1943, in Berlin in the "Southeastern Europe" branch
E of Amt VI, with the SS rank of major (Sturmbannführer).
-
- In March 1944, Höttl was assigned to Budapest, where
he served as second in command to Himmler's SS representative in Hungary,
and as political advisor to Hitler's ambassador there, Edmund Veesenmayer,
who reported to Berlin, for example, on the large-scale deportations in
1944 of Jews from Hungary. On May 8, 1945, as German forces were unconditionally
surrendering to the Allies, American troops arrested Höttl in Austria,
and for several years after that he worked as an intelligence agent for
the United States. He died in 1999, not long after the publication of his
self-serving memoirs.
-
- In April 2001 the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency made
public thousands of pages of long-suppressed documents from its files of
major German wartime figures, including the bulging Höttl file. Along
with the release of these documents, two U.S. government employees wrote
and issued a detailed report about Höttl based on those recently declassified
CIA files, which sheds revealing light on his wartime and postwar career.
This report, entitled "Analysis of the Name File of Wilhelm Hoettl,"
was written by two "historical researchers" of the U.S. government's
"Interagency Working Group" (IWG), Miriam Kleiman and Robert
Skwirot. [See note]
-
- These documents establish that Höttl was a completely
unreliable informant who routinely fabricated information to please those
who were willing to pay him. In their report, the two U.S. government researchers
write:
-
- Hoettl's name file is approximately 600 pages, one of
the largest of those released to the public so far. The size of the file
owes to Hoettl's postwar career as a peddler of intelligence, good and
bad, to anyone who would pay him. Reports link Hoettl to twelve different
intelligence services, including the U.S., Yugoslav, Austrian, Israeli,
Romanian, Vatican, Swiss, French, West German, Russian, Hungarian and British.
-
- Soon after his arrest by the Americans in May 1945, Höttl
began working for the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the predecessor
to the Central Intelligence Agency, and then for the U.S. Army's Counter
Intelligence Corps (CIC). As the two U.S. government researchers put it:
"Upon his arrest, Hoettl played to the interests of his captors ..."
It was during this period, while he was secretly working for American intelligence,
that Höttl provided his historic and damning "six million"
affidavit for submission by the American prosecution at the Allied-run
tribunal at Nuremberg.
-
- Höttl benefited from his readiness to tell those
who paid him what they wanted to hear, but this eventually proved his undoing.
All the same, it took several years for U.S. intelligence to firmly conclude
that it was being had.
-
- In June 1949 one U.S. intelligence official cautioned
against using Höttl for any reason, calling him "a man of such
low character and poor political record that his use for intelligence activities,
regardless of how profitable they may be, is a short-sighted policy by
the U.S." In August 1950, CIA messages referred to Höttl as a
"notorious fabricator [of] intelligence." A U.S. Army CIC report
in early 1952 deemed his information useless, noting that Höttl "is
involved in extensive intelligence activities for almost anyone who is
willing to purchase his findings." In April 1952 his reports were
called "worthless and possibly inflated or fabricated."
-
- Interestingly, numerous U.S. intelligence reports identify
connections between Höttl and Simon Wiesenthal, the well-known "Nazi
hunter." One U.S. Army CIC document described Wiesenthal as the "Chief
Austrian Agent of the Israeli Intelligence Bureau." A U.S. Army CIC
report in January 1950 noted that for the last three or four months Wiesenthal
had "recruited the services of Wilhelm Höttl," and had hired
him to gather information for reports by the "Nazi hunter."
-
- In July 1952, when U.S. Army intelligence finally broke
completely with Höttl, a letter on U.S. Army stationery warned:
-
-
- "Dr. Höttl has long been known to this headquarters
and other allied military organizations in Austria as a fabricator of intelligence
information. His reports normally consist of a fine cobweb of fact, heavily
padded with lies, deceit, conjecture and other false types of information.
This organization will have absolutely nothing to do with Dr. Höttl
or any members of his present entourage. He is persona non grata to the
American, French and British elements in Austria."
-
-
- In their report on his postwar career, U.S. government
historical researchers Kleiman and Skwirot conclude:
-
- The voluminous materials in Wilhelm Höttl's personality
file ... trace the activities of a notorious intelligence peddler and fabricator,
who successfully convinced one intelligence service after another of his
value, and then proceeded to lose such support.
-
- Indeed, and as already noted, Höttl "successfully
convinced" the American and British prosecutors, and the judges, of
the inter-Allied tribunal in Nuremberg, and many others around the world
ever since, that German authorities killed six million Jews during the
Second World War. And even though U.S. intelligence services and U.S. government
researchers have, finally, as it were, discredited him, Höttl's most
historically important claim remains widely, and even officially accepted.
-
- The recently released U.S. intelligence documents on
Höttl, and the U.S. government report about his postwar career, confirm
what some revisionist scholars have contended for years. In his pathbreaking
book The Hoax of the Twentieth Century, first published in 1976, Dr. Arthur
Butz cited sources that were publicly available even in the 1950s to show
that, during the war, Höttl had gotten into trouble more than once
with SS authorities. His involvement in a shady Polish land deal led in
1942 to an SS investigation of his activities.
-
- An internal SS report characterized him as "dishonest,
scheming, fawning,... a real hoaxer," and concluded that he was not
fit even for SS membership, let alone a sensitive intelligence service
position. [See note] Höttl was, accordingly, demoted. But his luck
improved after his friend and fellow Austrian, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, was
appointed in 1943 to head the RSHA. It seems that Kaltenbrunner protected
him from a second disciplinary action, this one for misappropriation of
security service funds.
-
- Regardless of the unreliability of Höttl's infamous
affidavit, the more important question remains: How valid is the six million
figure?
-
- The most common technique used by Holocaust historians
to calculate figures of between five and six million Jewish extermination
victims is to compare prewar and postwar estimated Jewish population figures
for various European countries and areas, and then assume that the differences
between the figures were all killed. This was the method used, for example,
by Jacob Lestchinsky to produce a figure of 5,957,000 Jewish Holocaust
deaths, in his important 1946 World Jewish Congress report. [See note]
It is also the technique used by the late Lucy Dawidowicz, another prominent
Jewish Holocaust historian, who estimated a total of 5.9 million Jewish
victims. [See note]
-
- However, this method fails to take into account substantial
numbers of Jews who emigrated or fled to Allied or neutral countries during
the war years. It also ignores the fact that many Jews, particularly in
Eastern Europe, did not return to their original homelands at the end of
the war, but instead emigrated to Palestine, the United States, and other
countries beyond Europe.
-
- It further assumes that all Jewish deaths (or "losses")
were due to German or Axis policy. Thus, all Jews in areas under German
or Axis control who died during the war years are routinely and misleadingly
counted as "victims of the Holocaust," regardless of the cause
of death. This includes Jews who died of natural causes, perished in Allied
bombings of cities and concentration camps, who died as Allied soldiers,
particularly in the Soviet military, or who -- like hundreds of thousands
of German civilians -- succumbed to exhaustion, disease, and exposure in
the particularly catastrophic final months of the war. Raul Hilberg, probably
the most prominent Holocaust historian, acknowledges that a distinction
should be made between "Jewish losses" and "Holocaust victims."
He notes, for example, that the average age of Jews in Germany at the outbreak
of the war was abnormally high anyway. [See note]
-
- It is unlikely that there were ever six million Jews
under German control during the war.
-
- The wartime representative of the World Jewish Congress
in Switzerland, Gerhard Riegner, confidentially reported to London and
Washington in August 1942 that the total number of Jews in the countries
occupied or controlled by Germany was three and a half to four million.
[See note] This figure presumably referred to Jews in the "Greater"
German Reich (including Poland), as well as in France, Holland, Belgium,
Slovakia, and the occupied Soviet territories. If one adds the approximately
1.2 million Jews estimated to be living in Hungary and Romania, the total
number of Jews that came under direct or indirect German control during
the war years could not have been more than 5.2 million.
-
- The unreliable character of the legendary Six Million
calculation is also shown in the manipulation of Holocaust statistics in
the cases of specific countries. In this regard, it is much more fruitful
to examine Jewish losses in western European countries, where much more
reliable statistics and other data are available, than to attempt to estimate
Jewish losses in such eastern territories as Poland, where reliable data
is not available. (In the case of Poland, even the country's borders changed
drastically during and just after the war.) An important feature of these
manipulations is that even though figures of alleged Jewish wartime losses
in individual countries may be inflated and deflated over the years, there
is an obvious effort to juggle figures so that the overall total is kept
as high as possible.
-
- The Case of Denmark
-
- Consider, for example, the case of Denmark. In 1946 the
"Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry" announced in its widely
quoted report that, out of a total of 5.7 million European Jews who perished
during the war years, 1,500 were Danish Jews. [See note] Raul Hilberg,
in his highly regarded, three-volume 1985 study, gave a similar figure
of 1,000 Danish Jews "lost" during the war years. [See note]
-
- In fact, fewer than 500 Jews were ever even deported
from Denmark. (Most Danish Jews fled to Sweden in 1943.) All of these deportees
from Denmark were sent to the ghetto-camp of Theresienstadt (or Terezin)
where precisely 51 Danish Jews (mostly elderly) died, all of natural causes.
[See note] Thus, even if these 51 are counted as "Holocaust victims,"
Jewish "losses" for Denmark were exaggerated approximately 30
times by the supposedly authoritative "Anglo-American Committee,"
and 19 times the true figure by Hilberg.
-
- The Korherr Report
-
- At the beginning of 1943 SS chief Heinrich Himmler ordered
his "Inspector for Statistics," Richard Korherr, to prepare a
report on the "Final Solution of the European Jewish Question."
Relying for the most part on information and figures supplied by the Reich
Security Main Office, Korherr wrote a sixteen-page statistical survey that
he submitted to Himmler on March 23, 1943. A few weeks later he produced
a shorter supplemental version with the same title. [See note]
-
- Even though, as Hilberg has pointed out, much about these
reports, including their origin and purpose, "remains obscure,"
they are nevertheless the most authoritative wartime statistical records
available on the fate of Europe's Jews. [See note] These top level, secret
German documents contain no mention of an extermination program or mass
killings of Jews, a fact that seems hardly possible if such a program had
existed. Furthermore, as Jewish historian Gerald Reitlinger noted, they
suggest that nothing like six million Jews could have been killed, even
assuming the most sinister interpretations of the data. [See note] Korherr,
a staunch Catholic, declared after the war that he had not been aware that
his reports had any sinister or murderous significance. [See note]
-
- Jewish Restitution Claims
-
- Another important indication that the Six Million figure
is not accurate is the large number of Jewish "Holocaust survivors"
who have received restitution payments (Wiedergutmachung) from the German
government in Bonn and, more recently, in Berlin. Individuals who were
"persecuted for political, racial, religious or ideological reasons"
by the wartime German regime have been eligible for money from the Bonn
and Berlin government under the terms of the Federal Compensation Law (BEG)
of 1953 and 1956. This includes Jews who were interned in camps or ghettos,
were obliged to wear the star badge, or who lived in hiding. [See note]
-
- As of January 1984, there were 4.39 million successful
individual BEG restitution claims. The great majority of these were from
Jews. Raul Hilberg has said that "about two thirds" of the allowed
claims have been from Jews. [See note] This is a realistic but possibly
conservative estimate. Approximately 40 percent of those receiving payments
were living in Israel, 20 percent in West Germany, and 40 percent in the
United States and other countries. [See note]
-
- The Atlanta Journal and Constitution newspaper reported
in 1985 that an estimated 50 percent of Jewish "survivors throughout
the world are on West German pensions." [See note] But this estimate
is very probably too high. For example, Jews in Poland, the Soviet Union,
Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia were not eligible for restitution,
at least not at that time. [See note] In the United States, only about
66 percent of the Jewish "Holocaust survivors" in the Atlanta
(Georgia) area in 1985 had received German restitution money. [See note]
-
- If one conservatively estimates that two thirds of the
4.39 million individual claims for German restitution have come from Jews,
that would mean some 2.9 million Jewish claims. And if half of the Jewish
"Holocaust survivors" around the world have not received any
restitution (which is probably a low figure), and granted that the number
of claimants may be somewhat larger than the number of claims, it would
appear that some six million European Jews "survived" the Second
World War. (Of course, some European Jews who lived through the war years
died before the German BEG restitution law was enacted in 1953.) And given
that there were no more than some eight million European Jews under German
wartime control, [See note] the number of Jews who died in Europe during
the Second World War must be fewer than three million. As we shall see,
the actual figure of Jewish wartime dead is substantially lower.
-
- Finally, estimates of "Holocaust survivors"
provided in recent years by authoritative Jewish sources cannot be reconciled
with the generally accepted "Holocaust" story or the Six Million
figure.
-
- Before going further, it is a remarkable fact that, in
recent years, the number of "Holocaust survivors" has actually
been increasing. This is because -- as Norman Finkelstein stresses in his
important book, The Holocaust Industry -- Israel, the World Jewish Congress,
and other major Jewish organizations, all of which demand and collect billions
in the name of "Holocaust survivors," have an interest in inflating
figures both of wartime victims and of postwar survivors.
-
- A report issued in July 1997 -- that is, fifty-three
years after the end of the war -- by a committee organized by the Israeli
prime minister's office estimated the number of "Holocaust survivors"
(admittedly defined rather broadly) at between 834,000 and 960,000. A similarly
authoritative report issued in June 2000, that is, fifty-five years after
the end of the war in Europe, estimated the number of Jewish "Holocaust"
survivors at between 832,000 and 935,000. [See note]These figures, Robert
Faurisson has written, suggest that there were slightly more than three
million Jewish "survivors" in Europe at the end of the 1939-1945
war. [See note]
-
- Norman Finkelstein, a professor of political science
at Hunter College in New York, and author of The Holocaust Industry, has
commented that, on the basis of these Israeli or Jewish figures, there
would have been eight million Jewish "Holocaust survivors" in
Europe at the end of the war in May 1945. Remarking on this, Finkelstein
has said: [See note]
-
- There were fewer than eight million Jews in all of Nazi-occupied
Europe. In other words, if these numbers are correct, the Holocaust didn't
happen. As my mother used to say, if everyone who claims to be a Holocaust
survivor actually is one, who did Hitler kill?
-
- How many Jews did die during the Second World War? A
year after the end of the war, an apparently impartial Swiss analysis entitled
"How high is the number of Jewish victims?" concluded that no
more than 1.5 million European Jews could have perished (of all causes)
under German rule during the war. It appeared in June 1946 in the respected
daily Baseler Nachrichten of neutral Switzerland. [See note] The widely-cited
figures of between five and six million Jewish dead, the analysis noted,
were not based on official sources, but merely private and semi-official
estimates that greatly exaggerated the number of Jews that ever came under
German control.
-
- Stephen F. Pinter, a U.S. War Department attorney who
was stationed in Germany after the war, published a statement in 1959 in
which he condemned what he called "the old propaganda myth that millions
of Jews were killed by the National Socialists." He went on to write:
[See note]
-
- "From what I was able to determine during six postwar
years in Germany and Austria, there were a number of Jews killed, but the
figure of a million was certainly never reached. I interviewed thousands
of Jews, former inmates of concentration camps in Germany and Austria,
and consider myself as well qualified as any man on this subject."
-
-
- Some revisionist historians have reached similar conclusions.
Arthur Butz and Robert Faurisson have written that as many as one million
European Jews may have died of all causes during the war years (not counting
those serving in military forces). [See note] Walter Sanning, a European-American
scholar and university lecturer, concluded in his detailed 1983 study that
total Jewish losses during the Second World War were "in the neighborhood"
of 1.25 million, many of whom died as Red Army soldiers or in Soviet camps
and forced evacuations. [See note]
-
- A common rejoinder to expressions of skepticism about
the Six Million is rhetorically to ask: "What difference does it make
how many were killed? It would be terrible if just one million, or even
one thousand, Jews were murdered." To many people, efforts to establish
the true numbers seem like insensitive and perhaps irrelevant quibbling.
But the skeptics are not the ones who incessantly and insistently go on
about Six Million murdered Jews. It is not the revisionists who have made
a totem of this legendary figure, or who invoke it as quasi-sacrosanct
ritual symbol. In any case, striving for historical exactitude, even about
the iconic Six Million, is precisely what historians are supposed to do.
-
- Notes
-
- 1. World Book Encyclopedia, 1984 edition, s.v. "Holocaust."
vol. 9, pp. 263-264. 2. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust (New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 1986), p. 811. 3. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971 edition,
s.v. "Holocaust." 4. The Ehrenburg essays, published in Soviet
War News (London), Dec. 22, 1944, Jan. 4 and March 15, 1945, are reprinted
in facsimile in the fifth edition of Joachim Hoffmann's detailed study,
Stalins Vernichtungskrieg 1941-1945 (Munich: Herbig, 1999), pp. 390-393
(see also p. 183), and in Hoffmann, Stalin's War of Extermination 1941-1945
(Capshaw, Alabama: TADP, 2001), pp. 189-190, 402-405. 5. David Irving,
Nuremberg: The Last Battle (London: Focal Point, 1996), pp. 61-62. 6.
The American Hebrew (New York), Oct. 31, 1919, p. 582. Facsimile in The
Journal of Historical Review 15, no. 6 (Nov.-Dec. 1995), p. 31. Also cited
in Irving, Nuremberg, p. 62. 7. Trial of the Major War Criminals before
the International Military Tribunal (IMT), vol. 1 (Nuremberg: 1947-1949),
pp. 252-253; IMT, vol. 19, p. 434; and IMT, vol. 22, p. 496. 8. Höttl
affidavit of Nov. 26, 1945: 2738-PS (USA-296) in IMT, vol. 31, pp. 85-87,
and Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (NC&A), vol. 5 (Washington, DC:
1946-1948), pp. 380-382; 2615-PS in NC&A, vol. 5, pp. 338-339. On the
ad hoc and self-serving origins of the Höttl affidavit, see Otto Skorzeny's
letter of Dec. 14, 1956, in Gerd Honsik, Freispruch für Hitler? (Gibraltar
and Barcelona: 1994), pp. 196-197. 9. R. Aschenauer, ed., Ich, Adolf Eichmann
(Leoni [Bavaria]: Druffel, 1980), pp. 460-461, 474; Jochen von Lang, ed.,
Eichmann Interrogated (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1983), pp.
117-118. Dieter Wisliceny, another former SS officer, made a statement
similar to Höttl's at Nuremberg on Jan. 3, 1946, but spoke of "only"
four or five million Jews killed. IMT, vol. 4, p. 371. Eichmann later called
Wisliceny's comments "theater," and said that he never had any
figures of "exterminated" Jews. See von Lang, ed., Eichmann,
pp. 164-165, 94-95, 110-117. 10. The report is posted on the U.S. National
Archives web site: http://www.nara.gov/iwg/declass/hoettl.html 11. Arthur
Butz, The Hoax of the Twentieth Century (Newport Beach, CA: IHR, 1997),
p. 81. 12. Jacob Lestchinsky (Leszczynski), "Balance Sheet of Extermination,"
1946 and revised in 1955. Cited in Nora Levin, The Holocaust (New York:
Crowell, 1968), p. 718; Leon Poliakov, Harvest of Hate (New York: Holocaust
Library, 1979), p. 335 (Revue d'histoire..., Oct. 1956); Raul Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985),
p. 1202. 13. Lucy Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader (New York: Behrman, 1976),
p. 381; Lucy Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (New York:
Bantam [pb. ed.], 1976), p. 544. 14. Hilberg, Destruction, p. 1206. 15.
Walter Laqueur, The Terrible Secret (Boston: Little Brown, 1980; New York:
Henry Holt, 1998), p. 77. 16. Levin, Holocaust, p. 715; Gerald Reitlinger,
The Final Solution (London: Sphere Books [pb., 2nd ed.], 1971), p. 546;
Wolfgang Scheffler, Judenverf olgung im Dritten Reich (Berlin: Colloquium,
1960), p. 114. 17. Hilberg, Destruction, p. 1048. 18. Leni Yahil, The Rescue
of Danish Jewry (Philadelphia: JPS, 1969), p. 318; Dawidowicz, The War,
p. 505. 19. Documents NO-5193 through NO-5198. Complete texts in German
and English in: Serge Klarsfeld, ed., The Holocaust and the Neo-Nazi Mythomania
(New York: B. Klarsfeld Foundation, 1978), pp. 165-211 (appendices). Also
published in: John Mendelsohn, ed., The Holocaust: Selected Documents in
Eighteen Volumes (New York: Garland, 1982), vol. 12, pp. 210 ff. (The two
reports are sometimes together referred to as "the Korherr report.")
See also Hilberg, Destruction, pp. 1204-1206; Gerald Fleming, Hitler and
the Final Solution, p. 136, 138; von Lang, ed., Eichmann, pp. 112-115.
20. Raul Hilberg, "The Statistic," in: François Furet,
ed., Unanswered Questions: Nazi Germany and the Genocide of the Jews (New
York: Schocken, 1989), p. 158. 21. Reitlinger, Final Solution, pp. 534-535.
22. Gerald Reitlinger, The SS: Alibi of a Nation, 1922-1945 (New York:
Viking/Compass [pb.], 1968), pp. 221-223; Hilberg, Destruction, pp. 1205-1206.
In a letter to Der Spiegel (Nr. 31, July 25, 1977, p. 12), Korherr specifically
stated that the term "special treatment" in a report's first
draft did not refer to killing. 23. Focus on "Restitution in Germany,"
No. 1, May 1985, p. 3. (Information bulletin of the German Information
Center, New York City, an agency of the German Federal government); see
also: Hilberg, Destruction, pp. 1165, 1166; Mark Weber, "West Germany's
Holocaust Payoff," JHR 8, no. 2 (summer 1988), pp. 243-250. 24. Hilberg
testimony in Zündel case, Toronto District court, Jan. 18, 1985. Transcript
page 1229. 25. Focus on "Restitution in Germany" (German Information
Center), May 1985, p. 3. 26. Atlanta Journal and Constitution, Sunday,
March 31, 1985, p. 15 A. 27. Hilberg, Destruction, p. 1170; D. Margolick,
"Soviet Emigre Lawyer...," New York Times, March 10, 1983, p.
B2. 28. Atlanta Journal and Constitution, March 31, 1985, pp. 15 A, 17A.
29. Jacob Lestchinsky, statistician for the American Jewish Congress, estimated
that in 1939 there were 8.25 million Jews in the lands that came under
German or Axis control. "Balance Sheet of Extermination," in
Levin, Holocaust, p. 718. Lucy Dawidowicz estimated that the "pre-Final
Solution population" of the lands that came under Axis control was
8.86 million. Dawidowicz, The War, p. 544. 30. Number of Living Holocaust
Survivors, July 27, 1997, report of the "Spanic Committee," organized
by the Israeli Prime Minister's Office (with estimates slightly revised
in May 1998), and the "Ukeles" report, June 28, 2000, commissioned
by the "Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany,"
a semi-official Jewish agency. Both cited in: "Special Master's Proposed
Plan of Allocation and Distribution of Settlement Proceeds," (Sept.
2000, also referred to as the "Gribetz Plan"), Volume I, Annex
C, "Demographics," pp. C-2, C-8, C-9. Posted on line at the "Official
Information Web Site for the Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation Against
Swiss Banks and other Swiss Entities": http://www.Swissbankclaims.com/media
31. Robert Faurisson, "Impact and Future of Holocaust Revisionism,"
JHR 19 (Jan.-Feb. 2000), pp. 9, 28 (n. 24). 32. Interview with Norman Finkelstein,
by Viktor Frölke, in Salon.com, "Shoah business," August
30, 2000. Posted on-line at: http://www.salon.com/books/int/2000/08/30/finkelstein/index.html
See also: N. Finkelstein, "How the Holocaust Industry Stole the Swiss
Monies," June 2001, Postscript to Foreign Translations. Posted on-line:
http://www.normanfinkelstein.com/id112.htm 33. "Wie hoch ist die Zahl
der jüdischen Opfer?," Baseler Nachrichten (Abend-Blatt), June
13, 1946, p. 2. (This newspaper, founded in 1845, is no longer published.)
34. Pinter letter in the national Catholic weekly, Our Sunday Visitor,
June 14, 1959, p. 15. 35. Butz, Hoax, p. 239; Robert Faurisson interview
with Storia Illustrata (Italy), August 1979. Authorized translations in:
Serge Thion (with Robert Fauri sson), Vérité historique ou
vérité politique? (Paris: 1980), p. 197, and JHR 2 (winter
1981), p. 348. 36. Walter Sanning, The Dissolution of Eastern European
Jewry (Newport Beach, CA: IHR, 1983), pp. 198, 196. _____
-
- The Journal of Historical Review, Sept.-Dec. 2001 (Vol.
20, No. 5-6), pages 25-32. This essay is adapted from Mark Weber's address
at David Irving's "Real History" conference in Cincinnati, August
31, 2001.
-
- Anti-Semitism is nothing but the antagonistic attitude
produced in the non-Jew by the Jewish group.The Jewish group has thrived
on oppression and on the antagonism it has forever met in the world...the
root cause is their use of enemies they create in order to keep solidarity.
-
- -- Albert Einstein, quoted in Collier's Magazine, November
26, 1938
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