- Hello, Jeff - I will try to find more on this. I am wondering,
and holding my breath, regarding the odd cases of a hemorrhagic virus in
Angola, re: possibly being bird flu.
-
- http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CID/journal/
issues/v31n6/000949/000949.text.html
-
- Excerpt:
-
- The course of disease during fall 1918 was often swift.
Convalescence in survivors was protracted, with fatigue, weakness, and
depression frequently lasting for weeks [3, 2023]. Symptoms presented suddenly:
high-grade fever and rigors, severe headache and myalgias, cough, pharyngitis,
coryza, and in some cases epistaxis. Some patients had mild illness and
recuperated without incident. Other patients were stricken quickly and
severely, with symptoms and signs consistent with HEMORRHAGIC pneumonia,
and died within days and sometimes hours. Autopsies revealed inflamed hemorrhagic
lungs. Still other patients with more typical flu developed severe superinfection
with bacterial pneumonia, resulting in death or a laborious recovery. Unusually
lethal, Spanish flu was also distinct in killing what was typically the
cohort least vulnerable to influenza, 20- to 40-year-olds.
-
- The disease's incidence, severity, and pattern of spread
baffled laypeople and experts alike [3, 4, 20, 21]. Doctors debated possible
pathogens, with no final consensus: Pfeiffer's bacillus (presumed cause
of influenza since the 18891990 pandemic but rarely isolated from 1918
victims); Yersinia pestis (because of migrating laborers from China, the
site of pneumonic plague outbreaks in 19101917); Streptococcus species,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus species (cultured from specimens
from patients with Spanish flu); and a hypothesized "filtrable virus"
(based on experiments that produced an infectious filtrate after removing
known microorganisms) were all suggested as possible etiologies. Popular
explanations included the foul atmosphere conjured by the war's rotting
corpses, mustard gas, and explosions; a covert German biological weapon;
spiritual malaise due to the sins of war and materialism; and conditions
fostered by the European conflict and overall impoverishment.
-
- During the fall, the disease moved swiftly through US
cities. Acute absenteeism among critical personnel strained industrial
production, government services (e.g., sanitation, law enforcement, fire
fighting, postal delivery), and maintenance of basic infrastructure (e.g.,
transportation, communications, health care, food supply) [3, 22, 24].
Given the incomplete disease reporting, inaccurate diagnoses, and circumscribed
census practices of the day, morbidity and mortality figures are conservative
estimates [3, 19]. Twenty-eight percent of Americans became ill, and there
were 550,000 deaths in excess of what is normally expected during influenza
season [3]. The case-fatality rate associated with Spanish flu has been
estimated at 2.5% [20], but this rate more likely represents the experience
of the developed world. Africa and Asia had fall death rates an order of
magnitude higher than those of Europe and North America (e.g., India, 42006700
deaths per 100,000 population; England, 490 deaths per 100,000 population)
[19].
-
- Also:
- http://www.uwosh.edu/departments/biology/1918FLUSHORS/Spanishflu.html
-
- Vaccine and Supply 1918 Project The Flu Family Flu Facts
There is Evidence that
- the Spanish Flu Did have Hemorrhagic Symptoms 1918 Influenza
Video Resources PBS ...
- www.uwosh.edu/departments/ biology/1918FLUSHORS/Spanishflu.html
- 10k - Cached - Similar pages
-
- and
-
- http://www.whale.to/v/spanish.html
-
- There is evidence that the Spanish Flu did have hemorrhagic
symptoms. Vickie Menear, MD and homeopath, was doing some research on Flu
for her class at Hahnemann Homeopathic College, Albany, California, when
she ran into a great deal of literature that supports this possibility.
I called her and she said that if you had questions, she'd be happy too
answer them. Again, Email me and I'll give you her phone number. In the
meantime, let me quote some of her source material. If you are interested
in following up this new "lead" on the Spanish Flu epidemic,
this is a good place to start. Here are the references:
-
- 1. THE PLAGUE OF THE SPANISH LADY: The Influenza Pandemic
of 1918-1919 by Richard Collier, Atheneum Publishing, New York, 1974
-
- Page 8: "If there was anyone at Devens (the Army
base) who could be depended upon as a pillar of strength, it was this safe
of Johns Hopkins. But when he saw the wet lungs of influenza pneumonia
in the fall of 1918, the pillar trembled. "This must be some new kind
of infection...or plague."
-
- Dr. Menear has a list of other books and articles supporting
the hemorrhagic symptoms of the Spanish Flu. Should you want the list published
here, on OUTBREAK, I'll be happy to call her and get it sent to you. She
also has information on Crotalus Horridus being utilized as a remedy during
the pandemic.
-
- I can only note that the symptoms of the 1918 "influenza"
and the Ebola of 1995, have marked similarities .
-
- My percentages of homeopathic remedies used versus traditional
medicine (drugs) during 1918 influenza come from an article that appeared
in Homeopathy Today, January, 1990. It was the following and I'll quote:
-
- "Dean W.A. Pearson of Philadelphia (Hahnemann College)
collected 26,795 cases of (1918) influenza treated by homeopathic physicians
with a mortality rate of 1.05 percent while the average old school (traditional
medicine/drugs) mortality was 30 percent."
-
- _____
-
- Update
- 3-19-5
-
- Hi Jeff -
-
- I want to be sure that people know my theory that a H5N1
pandemic strain sustaining human-to-human transmission might cause hemorrhagic
symptoms in some has grounding in good science. Case history background
of previous virulent pandemic strains can give us some insight into how
a future pandemic strain might act, however, scientific data is also imperative
to uphold my theory of hemorrhagic symptoms in an avian influenza human
outbreak.
-
- This resource does back up the hisotry of hemorrhagic
symptoms in the 1918 flu and also explains the mechanism for such symptoms.
-
- It is not my intent to scare people about a possible
coming outbreak. I simply look at all of the data on the subject and make
personal judgement on what may or may not occur in the future should the
virus become pandemic. It is my belief that people should have as much
informaiton as possible which would enable them to plan ahead. I think
that there would be much more "fear" if people woke up and found
themselves in the middle of an outbreak. If people have advance warning
they will be better prepared to act. People who are aware of possibilities
can spend time researching the data and arriving at their own conclusions.
-
- Just as the cytokine reaction in SARS did cause hemorrhagic
symptoms in some cases, virulent pandemic strains of influenza, like the
Spanish Flu also cause the inflamatory cytokines in the lungs and the
hemorrhagic pneumonia.
-
- "These viruses were also more pathogenic, not simply
because they were associated with increased levels of in vivo replication
but also because they stimulated massive increases in the responses of
inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected mice. The mice infected
with HAsp-containing virus had increased recruitment of leukocytes to the
sites of lung infection and had severe hemorrhage resembling the hemorrhagic
pneumonia associated with human infections during the 1918?C1919 pandemic.
"
-
- Hope the information helps,
-
- Patricia Doyle
-
- http://www.flu.org.cn/resources/20041292434.htm
-
- Excerpt:
-
- Over the past century, three influenza pandemics occurred
because of the emergence of novel influenzaviruses to which little or no
immunity existed. In 1918 and 1919, the "Spanish" influenza pandemic
killed more than 20 million people, with many of the deaths due to an unusually
severe, hemorrhagic pneumonia. Now, Kobasa and colleagues1 have used modern
molecular methods to show that the hemagglutinin antigen from this strain
(HAsp) is a key determinant of virulence.
-
- Using reverse genetics, Kobasa et al.1 synthesized the
HAsp and neuraminidase (NAsp) genes on the basis of the genetic sequences
of the 1918?C1919 influenza2 strain and constructed influenzaviruses using
one or both of these genes (Figure 1). The resulting viruses that expressed
the HAsp protein were significantly more virulent than the wild-type strains
in a mouse model, regardless of the neuraminidase antigenic subtype. These
viruses were also more pathogenic, not simply because they were associated
with increased levels of in vivo replication but also because they stimulated
massive increases in the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs
of infected mice. The mice infected with HAsp-containing virus had increased
recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of lung infection and had severe
hemorrhage resembling the hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with human infections
during the 1918?C1919 pandemic. Kobasa et al. went on to show that people
born after 1920 have little or no serum-neutralizing activity against viruses
expressing HAsp.
-
-
- Patricia A. Doyle, PhD
- Please visit my "Emerging Diseases" message
board at: http://www.clickitnews.com/ubbthreads/postlist.php?
Cat=&Board=emergingdiseases
- Zhan le Devlesa tai sastimasa
- Go with God and in Good Health
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