- This is required reading for anyone interested in disease-causing
vaccines, "conspiracy theories" , covert government biowarfare
experiments, and injection and flu-shot "paranoia." -- Alan
Cantwell, M.D.
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- Begin forwarded message:
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- Tainted Flu Vaccine Could Have Been A Health Nightmare
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- Bacteria used in 1950 germ-warfare test in Bay
Area can be deadly -- and target groups for shots would be most susceptible...
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- By Bernadette Tansey
SF Chronicle Staff Writer
10-31-4
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- Americans may never know how close a Bay Area company
came to distributing a bacteria-tainted flu vaccine, or how much of that
vaccine was contaminated.
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- What is known is that the bacteria that ruined the stockpile
of vaccine produced by Chiron Corp. was used in a secret germ-warfare experiment
in the Bay Area conducted by the Army and was tied to three deaths in Contra
Costa County in 2001.
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- The bacteria -- which tainted about half of the nation's
flu vaccine supply -- was once considered a harmless microbe. But a 1950
experiment, in which a ship off the San Francisco coast let loose clouds
of Serratia marcescens to test whether an enemy could launch a biological
warfare attack from a distance, is now suspected of causing a cluster of
hard- to-treat infections.
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- Experts say the serratia bacteria can trigger a cascade
of life- threatening illnesses, including heart-valve infections, pneumonia
and septic shock when injected into vulnerable patients.
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- The bacterium was blamed for a deadly outbreak of meningitis
in Contra Costa County in 2001, which was traced to injected drugs legally
mixed by a Walnut Creek pharmacy.
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- British regulators pulled the license of Chiron's factory
in Liverpool on Oct. 5 after discovering vaccine tainted with serratia.
There had been problems with sterility at the plant, which Chiron insisted
were confined to a small fraction of the vaccine's inventory. The company
was preparing to ship at least 46 million doses of its product, Fluvirin,
to U.S. distributors.
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- Officials at Chiron, which is based in Emeryville, and
the Food and Drug Administration have yet to provide details about how
the bacteria infiltrated the vaccine at Chiron's British manufacturing
plant. Nor have they revealed how much of the live bacteria or its dangerous
toxins were found in the huge inventory of vaccine doses.
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- What is known is that serratia can be deadly.
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- If distributed nationwide, a flu vaccine contaminated
with serratia would become a highly efficient vehicle to deliver the dangerous
microbe into the bodies of people most susceptible to its effects -- the
old, the sick, those with weakened immune systems and small children. That's
the very population most strongly urged by health authorities to get a
flu shot.
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- "If you injected it, you'd get bacteremia and sepsis,"
especially in the people most likely to get the vaccine, said Mary York,
a Walnut Creek consultant and former director of microbiology at UCSF.
"It would be horrible."
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- People exposed to the bacteria in the air or water are
unlikely to become ill. But injecting it into fragile patients is a different
matter.
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- The illnesses that could result would be hard to treat
because serratia has a genetic knack for quickly developing resistance
to antibiotics, said Dr. Lee Riley, a professor of infectious disease at
UC Berkeley.
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- The organism is now known to be a frequent culprit behind
outbreaks of infection in hospital patients, who often undergo invasive
procedures such as surgery, intravenous fluid drips and injections, which
could help microbes penetrate the bloodstream.
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- How long it would take to discover that a flu vaccine
nationally administered to millions of people was contaminated with serratia
-- and how many would become infected and sickened before the program was
stopped -- is a question that, fortunately, remains unanswered.
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- If the contaminated vaccine had been shipped and injected,
doctors might start to pick up signs like swelling and redness at the site
of the flu shot, said Dr. Suzanne Bradley, an infectious disease specialist
at the University of Michigan Medical School.
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- "For most of us, we'd probably fight it off and
say, 'I'm never going to get this vaccine again,' " she said.
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- But in the more vulnerable patients, like the elderly
with underlying medical problems, serratia could multiply in the heart
valves and spread to the lungs, causing pneumonia, said UC Berkeley's Riley.
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- "Such a person could potentially die," said
Riley. "Even if you had one single case like that, it could be devastating."
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- The aggressive treatment often needed to control a serratia
infection also has its risks, said Riley.
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- "As a treatment of last resort, you have to use
multiple drugs," Riley said. But a prolonged course of combined antibiotics
would expose patients to the further danger of infection by fungal growths,
he said. "Treatment becomes very, very difficult."
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- How serious and how widespread the health damage might
be from such a contaminated flu vaccine would depend on how many of the
live germs, or the toxins from its cell walls, had managed to infiltrate
each vaccine dose, said the University of Michigan's Dr. Bradley. A sole
bacterium might cause no harm.
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- However, one of serratia's other tricks is that it can
keep multiplying, even if the solution containing it is chilled.
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- "It grows in the refrigerator," said Mary York.
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- http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/31/SERRATIA.TMP
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