- The Dairy Industry is really big business, with sales
of over $11 billion for milk and $16 billion for cheese annually in the
USA alone, so you might expect hard line marketing from them, but would
you expect them to aggressively sell their products if they were known
to be harmful to people, especially to women and children?
-
- The Dairy Management Inc., whose purpose is to build
demand for dairy products on behalf of America's 80,000-plus dairy producers,
has just released the Dairy Checkoff 2003 Unified Marketing Plan (UMP)
with a budget of $165.7 million. (1)
-
- The United Marketing Plan explains, "This ongoing
program area (referring to the section Dairy Image/Confidence) aims to
protect and enhance consumer confidence in dairy products and the dairy
industry. A major component involves conducting and communicating the results
of dairy nutrition research showing the healthfulness of dairy products,
as well as issues and crisis management." (1)(Most likely, I fall
under the heading of "issues and crisis management.")
-
- A significant portion of the money from the 2003 Unified
Marketing Plan is specifically targeted to children ages 6 to 12 and their
mothers. The goal is "to guide school-age children to become life-long
consumers of dairy products, 2003 activities will target students, parents,
educators and school foodservice professionals." (1) (Similar words
and intentions have been attributed to the tobacco industry.) All this
marketing is working, too: annual fluid milk consumption among kids 6 to
12 increased to 28 gallons per capita, the highest level in 10 years. Children
under 18 drink 46% of the milk consumed in the USA.
-
- Realize that when I say milk in this article, I'm also
implicating all dairy products that are made from milk: non-fat milk, low-fat
milk, buttermilk, cheeses, cottage cheese, yogurt, ice cream, whey, kefir,
and butter. All of them share a similar nutritional profile (plus or minus
the fat, protein, and sugar), and as a result, all of them contribute to
a wide range of health problems.
-
- Will the UMP Inform You of the Contamination? E. Coli,
AIDS and Leukemia Viruses?
-
- Last month I left you with some very disturbing facts
about the contamination of milk with loads of bacteria and millions of
white blood cells (pus cells) which are there to help fight off the infections
found in cows and milk (see the April 2003 Newsletter found at http://www.drmcdougall.com
).
-
- Will the 2003 Unified Marketing Plan specify money to
inform you of this upsetting information? You will never see an advertisement
with a famous movie star proudly wearing a white mustache, properly labeled
as containing 300,000 white blood cells and 25,000 bacteria.
-
- Dairy products were the foods most often recalled by
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from the period October 1,
1993 through September 30, 1998 because of contamination with infectious
agents, mostly bacteria. (2)
-
- They are commonly tainted with disease-causing bacteria,
such as salmonella, staphylococci, listeria, deadly E. coli O1573 and Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis (4) (possibly one of the agents causing Crohn's disease;
a form of life-threatening chronic colitis), as well as viruses known to
cause lymphoma and leukemia-like diseases, and immune deficiency in cattle.
-
- AIDS and Leukemia Viruses Dairy cattle are infected with
bovine immunodeficiency viruses (BIV) and bovine leukemia viruses (BLV),
worldwide. (Bovine immunodeficiency viruses can also be properly referred
to as bovine AIDS viruses.)
-
- In the United States, results show an average 40% of
beef herds and 64% of dairy herds are infected with BIV. (5)
-
- In Canada (6-7), the infection rate is 70% and in Argentina
(8) the rate is 84% for BLV.
-
- Herds infected with the BIV are usually infected with
the leukemia virus (BLV) also. (5)
-
- Both viruses can cross species lines thus infecting other
animals, like sheep, goats, and chimpanzees â*" and they develop
disease. (5)
-
- Nationwide and worldwide, leukemia is more common in
the higher dairy consuming populations. (9,10)
-
- An increased incidence of leukemia has been found among
dairy farmers in multiple studies. (11-14)
-
- BIV infection has been reported in a person. (15)
-
- The bovine leukemia virus has been classified in the
same group as the Human T-cell Leukemia/Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1),
which is known to cause leukemia and lymphomas in humans (Adult T-cell
leukemia/lymphoma). (16)
-
- BIV is structurally and genetically closely related to
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 (the virus causing human AIDS).
(17)
-
- Pasteurization kills many types of microorganisms, but
it is not foolproof. There is also concern that pasteurization may break
the viruses into fragments that may become even more dangerous. (18)
-
- Has it been shown that the bovine AIDS and/or leukemia
viruses will infect you and cause disease? No. Nor has it been proved that
they will not. Compared to the efforts to try to convince you of the bone-building
benefits of milk, almost nothing has been spent to establish whether or
not it is safe to feed your family dairy products teeming with bovine immunodeficiency
and bovine leukemia viruses (and/or viral fragments). Some countries take
this matter very seriously. For example, in many European countries, health
officials have conducted programs to eradicate infected herds; Finland'
program has successfully eradicated BLV from its cattle. (19)
-
- If you live in a region with a high incidence of herd
infection with these viruses you can be pretty sure you will be consuming
dairy products containing whole viruses or fragments of these viruses,
since the milk from many dairy farms is mixed in large vats at the dairy
factory before processing and packaging. Since the industry will not act
responsibly in many countries, consumers are left with one choice: eliminate
all dairy products from their diet. If eliminating dairy products would
prevent even a small risk of human disease, it would be well worthwhile,
especially since, as you learned in the April 2003 McDougall Newsletter,
they are completely unnecessary for excellent health.
-
- Will the UMP Market the Pain and Suffering Caused Children?
-
- The Dairy Management Inc. has specifically targeted children
in their campaign. (1) This will raise no public concern, because most
people consider cow's milk the healthiest of all food choices, especially
when it comes to children. Over 25% of children are overweight in Western
countries and cow's milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, butter, and sour cream,
with all their fat and calories, contribute greatly to this deadly epidemic.
Many of these overweight children are now developing type-2 diabetes. However,
the most common variety of diabetes found in children is still type-1 or
insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM).
-
- Type-1 Diabetes The evidence incriminating cow's milk
consumption in the cause of type-1 diabetes is sufficient to cause the
American Academy of Pediatrics to issue these warnings, "Early exposure
of infants to cow's milk protein may be an important factor in the initiation
of the beta cell (insulin-producing cells of the pancreas) destructive
process in some individuals." (20) "The avoidance of cow's milk
protein for the first several months of life may reduce the later development
of IDDM or delay its onset in susceptible people." (20)
-
- Exposure to cow's milk protein early in life, when the
intestinal tract is immature, sometimes results in the milk protein entering
the blood stream where antibodies to this foreign substance, cow's milk,
are made by the immune system. Unfortunately, these same antibodies also
attack the insulin- producing cells of the pancreas. By glassful of milk
after spoonful of ice cream, over a period of about 5 to 7 years, the child
destroys his or her own pancreas â*" and is left with a lifelong,
life-threatening, handicap: diabetes. The pancreas is forever destroyed
and the child will have to take insulin shots daily. Complications, such
as blindness, kidney failure, and heart disease will be a real threat during
his or her shortened lifespan.(See my July 2002 McDougall Newsletter for
a discussion of type-1 diabetes).
-
- Constipation Not as life-threatening as diabetes, but
for some as mentally and physically distressing, is chronic constipation.
As a doctor who has cared for hundreds of children, I can tell you they
suffer with pain, bleeding, hemorrhoids, and embarrassment. The causal
effects of cowâ*s milk were clearly demonstrated in a study of 65
severely constipated children published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
(21)
-
- These boys and girls complained of only one bowel movement
every 3 to 15 days and many didn't even respond to strong laxatives (lactulose
and mineral oil). Forty-four of the 65 (68%) found relief of their constipation
when taken off the cow's milk. Evidence of inflammation of the bowel was
found on biopsy, and anal fissures and pain were commonly associated with
the constipation "elimination of the cow's milk solved these problems."
-
- When cow's milk was reintroduced into their diet 8 to
12 months later, all of the children developed constipation within 5 to
10 days. For constipation alone, cow's milk should be banned from the School
Milk Programs, worldwide.
-
- Rhinitis and Otitis Media The multitude of snotty-nosed
kids frequently visiting the pediatrician's office for ear infections is
much more obvious than the constipated crowd, and these problems less devastating
than type-1 diabetes, but these complaints also can be due to consuming
the foreign proteins intended for calves. (22-25) In addition, these same
children are likely to suffer from gastroesophageal reflux, asthma and/or
eczema from their unnatural habit of drinking cow's milk.
-
- Diseases of Foreign Protein Many conditions can be traced
back to reactions to cow's milk. Milk contains more than 25 different proteins
that can induce adverse reactions in humans. (26) Our immune system perceives
these foreign proteins as alien invaders, like a virus or bacteria, and
launches an attack in response, as in the case of type-1 diabetes discussed
above and many other allergic and autoimmune diseases.
-
- DISEASES CAUSED BY, OR LINKED TO, DAIRY PROTEINS General:
Loss of appetite, growth retardation. Upper Gastrointestinal: Canker sores
(aphthous stomatitis), irritation of tongue, lips and mouth, tonsil enlargement,
vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), Sandifer's syndrome, peptic ulcer
disease, colic, stomach cramps, abdominal distention, intestinal obstruction,
type-1 diabetes. Lower Gastrointestinal: Bloody stools, colitis, malabsorption,
diarrhea, painful defecation, fecal soiling, infantile colic, chronic constipation,
infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), Crohn's
disease, ulcerative colitis. Respiratory: Nasal stuffiness, runny nose,
otitis media (inner ear trouble), sinusitis, wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary
infiltrates. Bone and joint: Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis, lupus, Beheta's disease, (possibly psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis). Skin: Rashes, atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrhea, hives
(urticaria) Nervous System (Behavioral): Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's
disease, autism, schizophrenia, irritability, restlessness, hyperactivity,
headache, lethargy, fatigue, "allergic-tension fatigue syndrome,"
muscle pain, mental depression, enuresis (bed-wetting). Blood: Abnormal
blood clotting, iron deficiency anemia, low serum proteins, thrombocytopenia,
and eosinophilia. Other: Nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, anaphylactic
shock and death, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS or crib or cot death),
injury to the arteries causing arteritis, and eventually, atherosclerosis.
References are available through the National Library of Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov
- Search cow's milk and any of the diseases listed above.
-
- All dairy products contain milk proteins, including skim
milk, yogurt, cheese, and butter, and many butter substitutes. Milk proteins
are listed in packaged food products with a variety of names, such as milk
solids, skim milk powder, casein, caseinates, whey, and albumin. Milk is
also often put into packaged foods and not declared on the label - this
is illegal and punishable by FDA action.
-
- Even with all of this disease in children the American
School Food Service Association and the dairy industry have developed a
School Milk Pilot Test to demonstrate that kids will drink more milk in
school if certain product enhancements are made. (27)
-
- The result was milk sales increased by an average of
18 percent and consumption increased by 35 percent when schools provided
flavored milks and other package enhancements. (28)
-
- The UMP Will Try to Deceive You about the Fattening Nature
of Dairy Foods.
-
- "Independent research confirming dairy's role in
weight reduction is mounting," said Dr. Greg Miller, senior vice president
of nutrition and scientific affairs for the Dairy Checkoff. (29) "This
helps to position dairy foods as part of the solution to America's growing
obesity epidemic." And Miller added, "Informing the public about
dairy's role in the fight against obesity will help increase consumption
of milk, cheese and yogurt, among other dairy products."
-
- Shouldn't the idea of milk acting as an "antiobesity"
food strike you as fundamentally contradictory? After all, the biologic
purpose of cow's milk is to provide large amounts of energy and nutrients
to grow the young animal from 60 to 600 pounds. So how does milk become
a weight loss product in the 21st century? This idea began with the observation
that underprivileged people, who have poor diets in general, are often
obese, and also consume few dairy products. (30) Some experiments that
followed showed people and animals on calorie- restricted diets lost a
small amount of extra weight when calcium or dairy foods were part of their
diet.
-
- The "antiobesity" effects of dairy are difficult
to explain, but may be due to calcium binding fat in the intestine, preventing
its absorption. (30)
-
- A thorough search of the literature for properly designed
studies shows only one of 17 randomized studies found weight loss in people
taking calcium pills, and of the nine randomized studies where fluid milk
was added, two showed significant weight gain, and none showed significant
loss. (31)
-
- In one study funded by a grant from the International
Dairy Foods Association, 204 healthy men and women were asked to increase
their intake of skim or 1% milk by three cups a day for 12 weeks; those
consuming the extra milk gained an average of 1.32 pounds (0.6 Kg). (32)
Can you imagine what their weight gain would have been if they had been
asked to add whole milk, cheese, butter, and ice cream to their diet, instead
of skim and low-fat 1% milk?
-
- The result of all this research was well summed up by
one of the dairy industry's frequent spokespersons at the Dairy Management
Inc. sponsored Symposium: Dairy Product Components and Weight Regulation,
held April 21, 2002 in New Orleans, with this statement, "In conclusion,
the data available from randomized trials of dairy product or calcium supplementation
provide little support for an effect in reducing body weight or fat mass."
(31)
-
- Yet the consumer will hear from Dr. Miller and the rest
of the industry, eat more dairy products and you will lose weight.
-
- Dairy products are loaded with fats that are easily stored
under your skin as "body fat." The fats in the cold glass of
milk, the little bite of cheese, and that small bowl of ice cream will
move from your lips to your hips effortlessly. In fact, it moves with so
little effort that the chemical structure of the fat isn't even changed.
Cow's milk contains a unique kind of fat with double bonds located at the
C-15 and C-17 position on the fat's carbon chain. Examination of a person's
fatty (adipose) tissues following a biopsy will show the amount of this
kind of fat present, which will be in direct proportion to the amount of
dairy products the person consumes. (33)
-
- All that fat the dairy industry asks us to eat is associated
with higher risks of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and breast,
prostate, uterine and colon cancer. Yet, as a marketing scheme, the dairy
industry has teamed up with the National Medical Association to write articles
about "the role of dairy in helping reduce the risk of heart disease,
hypertension, and other serious health issues." (34)
-
- The National Medical Association promotes the collective
interests of physicians and patients of African descent. Please explain
to me how this association came about when the vast majority of people
of African descent (80% to 90%) cannot drink milk because of lactose intolerance;
causing them diarrhea, stomach cramps and gas. (35)
-
- Not only is this dairy fat unattractively worn and a
health hazard, but it is also a source of large quantities of environmental
chemicals, like dioxins and DDT, that affect your health and the health
of a mother's offspring during pregnancy and nursing. (36) One reason a
young girl needs to start thinking about a healthier diet early is because
the accumulation of these chemicals in her own body fat occurs over her
entire lifetime.
-
- The UMP Will Try to Confuse You about Bone Health and
Animal Protein
-
- Osteoporosis is caused by several factors; however, the
most important one is diet; especially the amount of animal protein and
acid in the foods we eat. (37-39 0 The high acid foods are meat, poultry,
fish, seafood, and hard cheeses, parmesan cheese is the most acidic of
all foods commonly consumed." (40)
-
- Once consumed, this food-derived acid must be neutralized
in the body. Fruits and vegetables can do this neutralizing (these foods
are alkaline in nature). However, because the diet of the average Westerner
is so deficient in fruits and vegetables and so high in acid foods, the
primary neutralizer of dietary acid becomes their bones. The bones dissolve
to release alkaline materials.
-
- Worldwide, the highest rates of hip fractures are among
populations that consume the most animal food (including dairy products)
like people from the USA, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand,
etc. (41,42) The lowest rates are among people who eat little or no dairy
foods (these people are on lower calcium diets) like people from rural
Asia and rural Africa. (41,42)
-
- The basic experiments published in the 1980s clearly
show protein causes bone loss, and calcium offers little or no protection.
(43) Even the foremost scientists hired by the dairy industry know protein
is harmful to the bones. (44) In my April 2003 Newsletter I explained there
was only one properly designed study testing the effects of fluid milk
on the bone health of postmenopausal women, and the results were: those
who received the extra milk for a year lost more bone than those who didn't
drink the milk. (44) The authors, funded by the National Dairy Council,
explained in their paper, "The protein content of the milk supplement
may have a negative effect on calcium balance, possibly through an increase
in kidney losses of calcium or through a direct effect on bone resorption."
Trying to explain why those receiving the milk were in worse calcium balance,
they said, "this may have been due to the average 30 percent increase
in protein intake during milk supplementation."
-
- Unfortunately, all this damning information does not
sit well with the powerful dairy industry, so they have started the "3-A-Day
of Dairy" program to battle the calcium crisis in America by promoting
milk, cheese and yogurt for "stronger bones" and they have been
busy doing their own research to prove protein is good for the bones. (45-48)
-
- Regrettably for them, their designing means were just
revealed in the May 2003 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
(49) The article in this journal exposed the way they made the results
show protein is good for the bones. To devise research that appears to
contradict hundreds of articles published over the past 35 years, you only
have to provide sufficient alkaline material in the diet of the people
being studied to neutralize the acid from the animal foods. This was accomplished
by studying populations that have diets high in neutralizing fruits and
vegetables; the other approach employed was to add a strong alkali source
to the experiment, such as an antacid pill (wafer), calcium citrate (like
Citracal).
-
- Once the acid from the food is neutralized, then any
bone building factors that might be present in meat and dairy can exert
their effects. High protein foods, and especially dairy foods, raise the
levels of a powerful growth-stimulating hormone in the body, called insulin-like
growth factor-1 or IGF-1. Stimulation of bone growth by this hormone is
now being offered as the reason dairy products build strong bones. It has
long been necessary for them to find a more scientifically supportable
explanation, because the bulk of the research shows the calcium in dairy
foods has little or no benefit for bone health. (50-52)
-
- The UMP Will Not Promote the Fact that IGF-1 is a Powerful
Cancer Promoter
-
- Consumption of animal products increases the levels of
insulin-like growth factor-1 in your body. However, modern dairy technology
has made dairy products an even more potent source of this growth stimulant.
Since 1985, U.S. dairy farmers have been allowed to inject cows with recombinant
bovine growth hormone (rbGH), a genetically engineered bovine growth hormone
that increases milk production. RbGH treatment produces an increase in
IGF-1 in cow's milk, by as much as 10-fold. (53,54) IGF-1 is not destroyed
by pasteurization. (53) The overall effect is that milk seems to raise
IGF-1 levels in people more than any other component of our diet. (55)
-
- The direct evidence of the effects of cow's milk on IGF-1
levels in people has been provided by the dairy industry's own efforts.
Two recent studies, one on adolescent girls and the other on post-menopausal
women, showed increasing milk consumption actually raises plasma levels
of IGF-1 in the person's body by an average of 10%. (56,57)
-
- Their take on this is, "this is a beneficial effecT"
because IGF-1 stimulates bone growth. But, the actual lasting consequences
should deliver the final deathblow to dairy products: IGF-1 promotes the
growth of cancer. This growth promoter has been strongly linked to the
development of cancer of the breast, prostate, lung, and colon. (58) Excess
IGF-1 stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits cell death - two activities
you definitely don't want when cancer cells are involved. (58)
-
- There is more to cancer promotion by dairy foods than
IGF-1. Most dairy products are high in saturated fat - and fat is the number
one suspect when it comes to the cause of most common cancers in Western
societies (for example, breast, prostate, colon, kidney, pancreas). Recent
studies have linked the sugar (lactose) and fat in milk with ovarian cancer,
(59,60) and the calcium in milk lowers concentrations of a specific form
of vitamin D that protects against prostate cancer, raising men's overall
risk. (61,62) (See my February 2003 Newsletter for more information on
diet and prostate cancer.) Hormones (estrogens) are also involved in cancers
of reproductive organs, like breast and uterine cancer. There are several
reasons dairy products raise a woman's hormone levels causing a variety
of hormone-dependent problems from early onset of menstruation (menarche)
to PMS and uterine fibroids - but one is unique to cow's milk. Cows are
milked even while they are pregnant. As a result of the pregnancy, cows
secrete high levels of estrogen into their milk. (63)
-
- Will the UMP Advertise that Dairy Is Simply Liquid Meat?
-
- Red meat has become a "dirty word" when it
comes to health. At the opposite end of the spectrum of opinions on food
is cow's milk - one of the world'S most trusted foods. Do you remember
the "Basic Four Food Groups?" Dairy was usually placed first
in this chart which was hung in every schoolroom (and by no coincidence
the dairy industry also provided the chart).
-
- Dairy products are deficient in iron and beef is deficient
in calcium; both contain too little dietary fiber, essential fat (linoleic
acid), and vitamin C and B3 (niacin) to meet human nutritional requirements.
(64) Heavy consumption of either of these food groups - loaded with fat
and cholesterol - will result in the diseases common to affluent societies,
such as obesity, heart disease, strokes, type-2 diabetes and cancer, to
name just a few serious problems. (65)
-
- If a patient bargained with me, "I'll give up only
one of the first two food groups "meat or milk" - hopes of getting
well," my recommendation for almost all common health problems in
Western society would be, "You're likely to get the most benefits
if you give up the dairy products."
-
- References
-
- 1) Dairy Management Inc.
- http://www.dairycheckoff.com/news/release-012403.asp
- 2) Wong S. Recalls of foods and cosmetics due to microbial
- contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- J Food Prot 2000 Aug; 63(8): 1113-6.
- 3) Chapman PA. Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and experiences
over
- the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK.
- Symp Ser Soc Appl Microbiol. 2000; (29): 51S-60S.
- 4) Lund BM. Pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance
of
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical
review of
- the data. Int J Food Microbiol. 2002 Jul 25; 77(1-2):
135-45.
- 5) Gonda M. Bovine immunodeficiency virus.
- AIDS. 1992 Aug; 6(8):759-76.
- 6) Sargeant JM. Associations between farm management
practices,
- productivity, and bovine leukemia virus infection in
Ontario dairy
- herds. Prev Vet Med. 1997 Aug; 31(3-4): 211-21.
- 7) VanLeeuwen JA,. Seroprevalence of infection with Mycobacterium
- avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine leukemia virus,
and bovine
- viral diarrhea virus in maritime Canada dairy cattle.
- Can Vet J. 2001 Mar; 42(3): 193-8.
- 8) Trono KG. Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus
in dairy cattle
- in Argentina: comparison of sensitivity and specificity
of different
- detection methods. Vet Microbiol. 2001 Nov 26; 83(3):
235-48.
- 9) Hursting SD. Diet and human leukemia: an analysis
of
- international data. Prev Med. 1993 May; 22(3): 409-22.
- 10) Howell MA. Factor analysis of international cancer
mortality
- data and per capita food consumption.
- Br J Cancer. 1974 Apr; 29(4): 328-36.
- 11) Kristensen P. Incidence and risk factors of cancer
among men and
- women in Norwegian agriculture.
- Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996
- Feb;22(1):14-26.
- 12) Reif J. Cancer risks in New Zealand farmers. Int
J Epidemiol.
- 1989 Dec; 18(4): 768-74.
- 13) Blair A. Leukemia cell types and agricultural practices
in
- Nebraska. Arch Environ Health. 1985 Jul-Aug; 40(4):
211-4.
- 14) Donham KJ. Epidemiologic relationships of the bovine
population
- and human leukemia in Iowa. Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Jul;
112(1): 80-92.
- 15)Jacobs RM. Detection of multiple retroviral infections
in cattle
- and cross-reactivity of bovine immunodeficiency-like
virus and human
- immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins using bovine and
human sera
- in a western blot assay. Can J Vet Res. 1992 Oct; 56(4):
353-9.
- 16) Johnson J. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of
the human T-
- cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus Type-1 (HTLV-1).
- Int J Exp Pathol. 2001 Jun; 82(3): 135-47.
- 17) Whetstone CA. Examination of whether persistently
indeterminate
- human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Western immunoblot
reactions are due
- to serological reactivity with bovine immunodeficiency-like
virus.
- J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Apr; 30(4): 764-70.
- 18) Ferrer JF. Milk of dairy cows frequently contains
a leukemogenic
- virus. Science. 1981 Aug 28; 213(4511): 1014-6.
- 19) Nuotio L. Eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
from Finland.
- Prev Vet Med. 2003 May 30; 59(1-2): 43-9.
- 20) Work Group on Cow's Milk Protein and Diabetes Mellitus.
Infant
- feeding practices and their possible relationship to
the etiology of
- diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 94: 752, 1994.
- 21) Iacono G. Intolerance of cow's milk and chronic constipation
in
- children. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 15; 339(16): 1100-4.
- 22) Yimyaem P. Gastrointestinal manifestations of cow's
milk protein
- allergy during the first year of life.
- J Med Assoc Thai. 2003 Feb; 86(2): 116-23.
- 23) Juntti H. Cow's milk allergy is associated with recurrent
otitis
- media during childhood. Acta Otolaryngol. 1999; 119(8):
867-73.
- 24) Tikkanen S. Status of children with cow's milk allergy
in
- infancy by 10 years of age. Acta Paediatr. 2000 Oct;
89(10): 1174-80.
- 25) Oranje AP. Natural course of cow's milk allergy in
childhood
- atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome.
- Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002 Dec; 89(6 Suppl 1):
52-5.
- 26) Bahna S. Allergies to Milk. Grune and Stratton, New
York.
- 27) School Milk Pilot Test:
- http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/
- lvl04/nutrilib/relresearch/pilot_test2.html
- 28) Results of School Milk Pilot Test:
- http://www.nutritionexplorations.org/sfs/pilot.asp
- 29) Greg Miller's Comments on Obesity:
- http://www.dairycheckoff.com/check/hl0103.asp
- 30) Parikh SJ. Calcium intake and adiposity.
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb; 77(2): 281-7.
- 31) Barr SI. Increased dairy product or calcium intake:
is body
- weight or composition affected in humans?
- J Nutr. 2003 Jan; 133(1): 245S-248S.
- 32) Barr SI. Effects of increased consumption of fluid
milk on
- energy and nutrient intake, body weight, and cardiovascular
risk factors
- in healthy older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Jul;
100(7): 810-7.
- 33) Baylin A. Adipose tissue biomarkers of fatty acid
intake.
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct; 76(4): 750-7.
- 34) National Medical Association:
- http://www.dairycheckoff.com/check/hl0403.asp#c
- 35) Bertron P. Racial bias in federal nutrition policy,
Part I: The
- public health implications of variations in lactase persistence.
- J Natl Med Assoc. 1999 Mar; 91(3): 151-7.
- 36) Schecter A. Dioxins in U.S. food and estimated daily
intake.
- Chemosphere. 1994 Nov-Dec; 29(9-11): 2261-5.
- 37) Maurer M. Neutralization of Western diet inhibits
bone
- resorption independently of K intake and reduces cortisol
secretion in
- humans. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Jan; 284(1):
F32-40.
- 38) Remer T. Influence of diet on acid-base balance.
- Semin Dial. 2000 Jul-Aug; 13(4): 221-6.
- 39) Frassetto L. Diet, evolution and aging--the pathophysiologic
- effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium
- and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet.
- Eur J Nutr. 2001 Oct; 40(5): 200-13.
- 40) Remer T. Potential renal acid load of foods and its
influence on
- urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jul; 95(7): 791-7.
- 41) Abelow B. Cross-cultural association between dietary
animal
- protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis.
- Calcific Tissue Int 50:14-8, 1992.
- 42) Frassetto LA . Worldwide incidence of hip fracture
in elderly
- women: relation to consumption of animal and vegetable
foods.
- J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Oct; 55(10): M585-92.
- 43) McDougall J. The Great Debate. High vs. low protein.
- http://www.drmcdougall.com
- 44) Recker RR. The effect of milk supplements on calcium
metabolism,
- bone metabolism and calcium balance.
|