- In the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing tragedy
on April 19, 1995, independent researchers have begun to lift the lid
on very troubling details of the crime. As in the JFK assassination, disturbing
evidence of a different sort of murder scenario from the official version
has emerged; and typically it has been relegated to the "conspiracy
file" by the mainstream press. Very serious questions about bombs
other than the ammonium nitrate truck bomb have surfaced. McVeigh himself
in some eyes begins to appear as the dupe, the patsy left holding the
bag. Key stories about federal law enforcement agencies having advance
warning of a bombing in Oklahoma City are gaining credibility. Researchers
on the scene in Oklahoma City are talking about the FBI intimidating witnesses
and thereby shaping a false version of events. The Grand Jury itself which
has brought indictments against Tim McVeigh and Terry Nichols has come
under fire for ignoring other potential suspects.
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- Are we being treated to what is basically a gigantic
government press release, a foreshortening and distorting of the case?
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- On December 14, 1995, I interviewed Hoppy Heidelberg,
a grand juror in the Oklahoma City case. Several months earlier Heidelberg
had, off the record, engaged in a conversation with Lawrence Myers of Media
Bypass magazine. Subsequently thrown off the Grand Jury by Judge David
Russell for allegedly going public in the subsequent Media Bypass article,
Heidelberg is very critical of the government's refusal to pursue murder
suspects beyond Tim McVeigh and Terry Nichols. Which suspects? Start especially
with the notorious John Doe 2.
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- Grand jurors are not permitted to reveal details of legal
proceedings on pain of contempt- of-court citation and imprisonment. Heidelberg
has now risked being accused of this, because he feels his Grand Jury was
steered away from evidence that could implicate the government itself in
the bombing.
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- Has such a straightforward rebellion by a grand juror
ever taken place before in a high profile American trial? After the Media
Bypass article appeared, the major media gave the Heidelberg story one
or two days and passed on to more routine matters: car accidents, murders,
storms and potential medical breakthroughs.
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- Meanwhile Heidelberg has wrestled with his discovery
that grand juries are basically run by the prosecuting attorneys who herd
jurors like sheep in bringing indictments. (Indictment being the end product
of a grand jury, the defendant is then bound over for trial.)
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- However, with a little research Heidelberg has also discovered
that grand juries are potentially vital bodies in which jurors are legally
permitted to actually bypass prosecutors and question witnesses directly,
find and call witnesses and in general investigate the crime at hand.
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- Such a citizen-body, if honored - not sidetracked and
intimidated by prosecutors and judges -- would, of course, add a whole
new dimension to the American legal scene. In practice though, these grand
juries are never allowed to exercise their legally endowed powers. This
was the very personal discovery of Heidelberg and it has obviously made
him more determined to expose what he considers gross shortcomings in the
legal system.
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- Across the U.S., several million, yes million, people
are plugging into very active underground networks of news composed of
taxes, videos, internet groups, alternative newspapers and magazines and
self-published literature -- all of which present challenging and unofficial
scenarios of the federal building bombing.
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- Heidelberg has formed his own unofficial perceptions
close up to the action in the Oklahoma case and that is what we discussed
in our interview.
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- How many John Does are there?
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- HH There were at least five men ID'ed by witnesses as
being on the scene the morning of the bombing. Actually, more than five.
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- People who were with McVeigh?
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- HH Yes, or in the key vehicles everybody's pointed to
as probably involved in the bomb plot. The yellow Mercury Marquis. The
brown Chevy pickup and the Ryder truck. Actually there may have been two
Ryder trucks.
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- These witnesses who saw the other John Does -- were any
of them brought forward to testify In the Grand Jury?
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- HH No.
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- Were any of the John Does brought forward?
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- HH No.
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- None?
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- HH None.
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- So all these suspects are left completely alone by law
enforcement.
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- HH Ignored.
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- My understanding is you feel that John Doe 2 was not
pursued by the prosecution because he could well turn out to be a government
informant or agent. That would link the government to the bombing.
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- HH Right.
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- Did you think you'd get what you wanted In the Grand
Jury? The presentation of evidence you felt was vital?
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- HH They kept promising and promising to answer all my
questions, but ultimately they stalled me. I was had.
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- You had some kind of book on jurors' duties with you
in the Grand Jury room.
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- HH It was a green government-issued handbook. It said
a grand juror could cross examine witnesses directly. But they wouldn't
let me do that. They said I'd have to get the prosecuting attorney's okay
for each question I wanted to ask. But you know, in dialog one question
leads to another right away, so you can't cross-examine that way. But I
did get to ask some questions of witnesses.
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- Did you think the government knows who John Doe 2 Is?
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- HH I began to feel that way, yes. But, of course, all
through the trial the prosecution insisted that John Doe 2 was the Ft.
Riley soldier Todd Bunting who served in the Army with McVeigh.
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- But they also said Bunting wasn't guilty of any crime.
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- HH That's right. And he didn't really look like the
FBI artist's sketch of John Doe 2 and he wasn't with McVeigh when McVeigh
rented the Ryder truck. The actual John Doe 2 did rent the Ryder truck
with McVeigh. The whole thing was ridiculous.
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- When did you decide to go public with your dissatisfaction
with the Grand Jury?
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- HH A couple of weeks after the indictments of McVeigh
and Nichols were brought in. I couldn't shut up. I didn't want other suspects
to walk and kill more people.
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- You eventually hired an attorney, didn't you?
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- HH Yes. John De Camp, for First Amendment purposes,
to advise me on what I could and couldn't say.
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- In a letter you wrote to the judge, David Russell, you
said bomb experts and geologists and engineers should be called as witnesses.
Why?
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- HH Well, can an ammonium nitrate bomb cause the pattern
of destruction that occurred in the federal building? I looked at that
building and the idea of one explosive charge coming from one location
doesn't fit. Pillars closer to the truck bomb survived the blast and columns
further away went down. That's impossible unless the building was constructed
very inconsistently with some pillars and sections put up quite well and
others very poorly. Let's get the answer... Let's get the architects and
engineers who built the building in there and question them.
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- HH Did you request that?
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- Of course I demanded bomb experts all along. And engineers
and geologists. They said - - do you want to know what they said? They
didn't have the money! I said I'd go down to the University of Oklahoma
and bring some geologists back myself for free. They wouldn't let me.
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- The bomb Is the key to the whole case.
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- HH ANFO (Ammonium nitrate plus fuel oil) is very symmetrical
in the damage it does. You look at what happened to the federal building.
That isn't symmetrical. You can judge the power of the explosion from the
crater left under the Ryder truck. The crater tells you everything you
need to know. The truck bomb explosion wasn't powerful enough to take out
25% of the building. That's why they covered up the crater, filled it in
so quickly. ANFO is great for moving dirt in mining, but it's no good for
knocking down buildings.
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- Was any of this discussed in the Grand Jury?
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- HH No!
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- It's clear that if the truck bomb couldn't and didn't
cause the major damage to the federal building, then other explosives were
used, charges placed on the pillars Inside the building. Then we have a
whole new situation -- obviously an operation that is highly professional
Involving other people. None of this was brought up In the Grand Jury?
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- HH No.
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- Some people think the trial itself will be a forum, an
opportunity to bring forward these ignored witnesses as well as air a
great deal of information about the truck bomb fallacy and other bombs
set Inside the building. I think Jones, McVeigh's attorney, will try to
bring this up one time and the judge will call him to the bench and say,
"Mr. Jones, these other possible shadowy perpetrators are not on trial
here. Only Mr. McVeigh, your client, is. So I'm ruling out all this 'wider
conspiracy' business. I don't want to hear it again." And Jones will
say, "Yessir," and go sit down and that will be the end of that.
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- HH I think you're right. Yes.
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- Of course, just to get an initial indictment on McVeigh,
all they needed --
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- HH They didn't need anything! People down in Oklahoma
City say, "I know McVeigh and Nichols did it alone because I've seen
the building." Building blew up therefore McVeigh and Nichols acted
alone. You don't need a jury for that kind of non-logic.
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- Let's talk about Michael Fortier, McVeigh's friend. At
first when the FBI questioned him he said McVeigh would never have blown
up the federal building and killed all those people. He said all the FBI
had on McVeigh was his arrest for a traffic violation and a concealed weapons
charge. Then a couple of months later he's saying that he and McVeigh actually
went to Oklahoma City and cased the federal building with an eye to bombing
it. What's going on there?
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- HH No. You're off base on that.
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- You mean on Fortier's confession? He's confessed to being
a participant in the bombing.
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- HH That's not it.
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- I don't understand.
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- HH Let me put it this way. If I had been Fortier's aftorney,
he would have walked. He wouldn't have given a statement and he would have
walked.
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- That's pretty strong.
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- HH There's a lot you need to know about Fortier.
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- In the Media Bypass article, you said he was just a kid
and the FBI put a big scare into him.
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- HH Tremendous pressure. They brought 24-hour-a-day pressure
on him for several months at great expense. They were on him at his job
in Kingman, Arizona, and because of that he was fired. They were on him
at home at his trailer, too.
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- That much?
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- HH Do you see?
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- Well, I know there was a weapons charge they were threatening
Fortier with, and I believe they also said they'd put his wife in jail
if he didn't cooperate.
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- HH It has to do with the sheer amount of pressure over
that period of time.
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- Wearing him down.
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- HH He had no attorney.
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- What?
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- HH He had no attorney.
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- Are you serious?
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- HH For that whole period. And he wasn't under arrest
either.
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- That's -
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- HH He was pressured for 24 hours a day and he had no
attorney. He's a kid. He's not smart enough to understand what's going
on.
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- Not smart enough -
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- HH To realize the FBI had nothing on him. He had no
one to advise him.
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- The FBI couldn't arrest him?
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- HH They didn't want to arrest him.
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- Why not?
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- HH Because if they did, they'd have to appoint a lawyer
for him. It was months before he was arrested.
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- I'm digesting this. It's very bizarre.
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- HH He got conned.
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- But eventually he did give them what they wanted. He
confessed to being involved In the crime with McVeigh.
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- HH You're missing it.
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- He confessed to planning the bombing with McVeigh.
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- HH You're missing it.
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- Well, if he hasn't made an outright confession --
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- HH Let me ask you something. What's the fastest way
to get from Kingman, Arizona, to Southern Kansas?
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- I have no idea. If Fortier and McVeigh were traveling
>from Kingman to Southern Kansas ...
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- HH They'd go through Oklahoma City.
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- Oh. Fortier just told the FBI they had been in Oklahoma
City on their way to Kansas? That's all? He didn't say they were casing
the federal building?
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- HH You're warmer.
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- Well, all right. If Fortier never told the FBI they cased
the building...
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- HH It's somewhere in between.
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- In between? You mean, it's between they were just passing
through Oklahoma City and they were casing the building?
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- HH You're warmer.
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- Fortier told the FBI they were in Oklahoma City on the
way to Kansas and they went by the federal building and they looked at
It. Something like that.
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- HH Something like that.
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- And there was never a real admission about planning to
blow up the building.
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- HH You need to read Fortier's confession. It was printed
in the Daily Oklahoman.
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- Fortier, the prosecution's big witness, never confessed.
Is that what you're saying? Not even close?
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- HH Not even close.
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- But the prosecution didn't need him to gain an indictment
against McVeigh. They want Fortier as a witness in the actual trial. Big
time. But if his statement is so far south of being a confession, then
they can't really use him at the trial.
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- HH No, they can use him. What he has to say won't make
an impression on some jurors, but it could tip the scales for other more
gullible jurors.
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- The FBI spent all this time pressuring the hell out of
Fortier --
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- HH That's very important because you see, obviously
that was the best they could do. They stayed with him so long because they
had nothing better. Fortier's involvement in the bombing was so minimal
it was a waste of time. If I was the FBI man in charge, I would have made
one run at Fortier and then forgotten all about him.
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- HH So In other words, he never confessed to casing the
building with McVeigh. The media has completely exaggerated It. Fortier
and McVeigh were driving through Oklahoma City on the way to Kansas and
they passed by the federal building. Something like that. And media stretched
that.
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- HH Something like that.
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- And the FBI spent so much time pressuring Fortier to
link McVeigh to the bombing because they had nothing better.
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- HH They had nothing better.
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- But you feel McVeigh Is linked to the bombing.
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- HH Yes, I do. But the FBI relied on a man, Fortier,
who really couldn't provide anything important to them. You need to remember
that. That's important. There's more to this.
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- As I say, I know you can't be very specific about exactly
what happened inside the Grand Jury, but you seem to be saying that the
FBI used very poor sources to gain an indictment against McVeigh.
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- HH Yes.
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- This seems to be part of a pattern.
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- HH Damn right.
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- For example, judging from the arrest warrant on McVeigh
issued by the FBI on April 21, they rely on unnamed witnesses who saw
McVeigh at the scene of the bombing. Witnesses who were found miraculously
before McVeigh's arrest on 21st. That's extremely quick work. There's one
guy who saw the police artist's sketch of McVeigh on TV and came forward.
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- HH What guy?
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- That's what I'm saying. None of these witnesses' names
have been released. I'll read you the piece from my book. "On April
21st, a man who used to work with McVeigh called the FBI. He had just seen
the artist's... sketch on TV. He said McVeigh was a right-winger. Had been
In the Army and had at one point gone to Waco to look at the ruins of the
Branch David ian compound. McVeigh was very upset about what had happened
there, what the federal agents had done. This man gave the FBI an address,
1711 Stockton Hill Road, Kingman, Arizona."
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